Isaiah 51:23

וְשַׂמְתִּ֨יהָ֙ בְּיַד־מֹוגַ֔יִךְ אֲשֶׁר־אָמְר֥וּ לְנַפְשֵׁ֖ךְ שְׁחִ֣י וְנַעֲבֹ֑רָה וַתָּשִׂ֤ימִי כָאָ֨רֶץ֙ גֵּוֵ֔ךְ וְכַח֖וּץ לַעֹבְרִֽים׃ ס

And I will put it into the hand of your tormentors, who said to your soul, ‘Bow down, that we may pass over,’ and you laid your back like the ground, and like the street for those who pass over.”

Morphology

1. וְשַׂמְתִּ֨יהָ (ve-samtihah) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person common singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “And I will put it”; Notes: Refers to the goblet of wrath being transferred.
2. בְּיַד־ (be-yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “into the hand of”; Notes: Indicates control or power over something.
3. מֹוגַ֔יִךְ (mogayikh) – Root: וג (mug); Form: Qal participle masculine plural + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your tormentors”; Notes: Those who caused you to tremble or falter.
4. אֲשֶׁר־אָמְר֥וּ (asher-amru) – Root: אמר (amar); Form: Relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “who said”; Notes: Refers back to the tormentors.
5. לְנַפְשֵׁ֖ךְ (le-nafshekh) – Root: נפשׁ (nefesh); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “to your soul”; Notes: Poetic way of addressing the person herself.
6. שְׁחִ֣י (shekhi) – Root: שׁחה (shakha); Form: Qal imperative feminine singular; Translation: “Bow down”; Notes: Command from the oppressors, demeaning and forceful.
7. וְנַעֲבֹ֑רָה (ve-naʿavorah) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Conjunction + Qal cohortative 1st person plural; Translation: “that we may pass over”; Notes: Expresses their intent to trample or walk over.
8. וַתָּשִׂ֤ימִי (va-tasimī) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “and you laid”; Notes: Describes forced or submissive action of the afflicted.
9. כָאָ֨רֶץ֙ (ka-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “like the ground”; Notes: Emphasizes complete humiliation.
10. גֵּוֵ֔ךְ (gevekha) – Root: גוה (gav); Form: Noun masculine singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your back”; Notes: Symbol of submission or being trodden upon.
11. וְכַח֖וּץ (ve-kaḥuts) – Root: חוץ (ḥuts); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and like the street”; Notes: Further comparison showing public exposure and trampling.
12. לַעֹבְרִֽים (la-ʿovrim) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Preposition + Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “for those who pass by”; Notes: Indicates being walked over or disregarded by the masses.