כִּֽי־כֵ֣ן צִוָּ֣ה אֹתִ֗י בִּדְבַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹא־תֹ֥אכַל לֶ֖חֶם וְלֹ֣א תִשְׁתֶּה־מָּ֑יִם וְלֹ֣א תָשׁ֔וּב בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלָֽכְתָּ׃
for thus I was commanded by the word of YHWH, saying, ‘You shall not eat bread and you shall not drink water, and you shall not return by the way that you went.’”
Morphology
- כִּֽי־ (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces a reason or explanation.
- כֵ֣ן (khen) – Root: כן; Form: Adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Refers to the manner of the command.
- צִוָּ֣ה (tsivvah) – Root: צוה; Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he commanded”; Notes: Intensive form indicating strong directive.
- אֹתִ֗י (oti) – Root: את; Form: Accusative marker with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “me”; Notes: Object of the verb “commanded.”
- בִּדְבַ֤ר (bidvar) – Root: דבר; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “by the word of”; Notes: Construct with following proper name.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: היה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, personal name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- לֵאמֹ֔ר (lemor) – Root: אמר; Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- לֹא־תֹ֥אכַל (lo-toʾkhal) – Root: אכל; Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall not eat”; Notes: Prohibition command form.
- לֶ֖חֶם (leḥem) – Root: לחם; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “bread”; Notes: Direct object of the verb “eat.”
- וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction with negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Continues prohibitive clause.
- תִשְׁתֶּה־מָּ֑יִם (tishtheh-mayim) – Root: שתה; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + noun masculine plural; Translation: “you shall drink water”; Notes: Parallel to “you shall not eat bread.”
- וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction with negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Begins third prohibitive clause.
- תָשׁ֔וּב (tashuv) – Root: שוב; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall return”; Notes: Verb of motion.
- בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ (baderekh) – Root: דרך; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “on the way”; Notes: Directional phrase.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative particle; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- הָלָֽכְתָּ (halakhta) – Root: הלך; Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you went”; Notes: Refers to a past journey.