וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י הַמַּכִּ֖ים לֹ֣א הֵמִ֑ית כַּכָּת֣וּב בְּסֵ֣פֶר תּוֹרַת־מֹשֶׁ֠ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר לֹא־יוּמְת֨וּ אָב֤וֹת עַל־בָּנִים֙ וּבָנִים֙ לֹא־יוּמְת֣וּ עַל־אָב֔וֹת כִּ֛י אִם־אִ֥ישׁ בְּחֶטְא֖וֹ יֻמֶֽו֯ת׃
* ימות : כ
* יוּמָֽת : ק
But the sons of those who struck he did not put to death, according to what is written in the scroll of the Torah of Moshe, which YHWH commanded, saying: “Fathers shall not be put to death for sons, and sons shall not be put to death for fathers, but each man for his own sin shall be put to death.”
Morphology
- וְאֶת־בְּנֵי (ve-et benei) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Conjunction + accusative marker + construct plural; Translation: “But the sons of”; Notes: Direct object introduced with accusative marker.
- הַמַּכִּים (ha-makkim) – Root: נכה (n-k-h); Form: Hifil participle masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “those who struck”; Notes: Refers to the murderers of the previous king.
- לֹא (lo) – Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the verb that follows.
- הֵמִית (hemit) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Hifil perfect 3ms; Translation: “he put to death”; Notes: Hifil causative of “to die.”
- כַּכָּתוּב (ka-katub) – Root: כתב (k-t-v); Form: Preposition + passive participle; Translation: “according to what is written”; Notes: Formulaic citation of scripture.
- בְּסֵפֶר תּוֹרַת־מֹשֶׁה (be-sefer torat-Mosheh) – Root: ספר, תורה (s-f-r, t-v-r); Form: Preposition + construct phrase; Translation: “in the scroll of the Torah of Moshe”; Notes: Refers to the written Mosaic Law.
- אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה (asher tsivvah) – Root: צוה (ts-v-h); Form: Relative particle + Piel perfect 3ms; Translation: “which He commanded”; Notes: Refers to divine instruction.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the command.
- לֵאמֹר (leʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct quotation.
- לֹא־יוּמְתוּ (lo-yumetu) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Nifal imperfect 3mp; Translation: “shall not be put to death”; Notes: Passive prohibition.
- אָבוֹת עַל־בָּנִים (avot ʿal-banim) – Root: אב, בן (ʾ-b, b-n); Form: Plural nouns; Translation: “fathers for sons”; Notes: Legal principle of individual accountability.
- וּבָנִים לֹא־יוּמְתוּ עַל־אָבוֹת (u-banim lo-yumetu ʿal-avot) – Form: Coordinated clause; Translation: “and sons shall not be put to death for fathers”; Notes: Parallel prohibition.
- כִּי אִם (ki im) – Form: Conjunction + emphatic particle; Translation: “but rather”; Notes: Strong contrast marker.
- אִישׁ בְּחֶטְאוֹ (ʾish be-ḥetʾo) – Root: איש, חטא (ʾ-ʾ-sh, ḥ-ṭ-ʾ); Form: Noun + prepositional phrase with pronominal suffix; Translation: “each man for his own sin”; Notes: Basis for capital liability.
- יוּמָת (yumat) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Nifal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “shall be put to death”; Notes: Legal consequence expressed as passive imperative.