ויצא מלך סדם ומלך עמרה ומלך אדמה ומלך צביים ומלך בלע הוא צער ויערכו אתם מלחמה בעמק השדים׃
Gen 14:8 [Samaritan]
ויצא מלך סדם ומלך עמרה ומלך אדמה ומלך צבאים ומלך בלע היא צער ויערכו אתם מלחמה בעמק השדים׃
Gen 14:8 [Masoretic]
וַיֵּצֵא מֶֽלֶךְ־סְדֹם וּמֶלֶךְ עֲמֹרָה וּמֶלֶךְ אַדְמָה וּמֶלֶךְ צְבֹיִים וּמֶלֶךְ בֶּלַע הִוא־צֹעַר וַיַּֽעַרְכוּ אִתָּם מִלְחָמָה בְּעֵמֶק הַשִּׂדִּֽים׃
* כ צְבֹיִים
* ק צְבֹויִם
Gen 14:8 [Targum Onkelos]
וּנְפַק מַלְכָּא דִּסְדוֹם וּמַלְכָּא דַּעֲמוֹרָה וּמַלְכָּא דְּאַדְמָה וּמַלְכָּא דִּצְבוֹיִם וּמַלְכָּא דְּבֶלַע הִיא צוֹעַר וְסַדַּרוּ עִמְּהוֹן קְרָבָא בְּמֵישַׁר חַקְלַיָא׃
Gen 14:8 [Peshitta]
ܘܢܦܼܩ ܡܿܠܟܐ ܕܣܕܘܡ܂ ܘܡܿܠܟܐ ܕܥܡܘܪܐ܂ ܘܡܿܠܟܐ ܕܐܕܡܐ ܘܡܿܠܟܐ ܕܨܒܘܐܝܡ ܘܡܿܠܟܐ ܕܒܿܠܥ ܗܼܝ ܗܝ ܨܥܪ܂ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܥܒܕܘ ܩܪܒܐ ܒܥܘܡܩܐ ܕܣ̈ܕܘܡܝܐ܂
וַיֵּצֵ֨א מֶֽלֶךְ־סְדֹ֜ם וּמֶ֣לֶךְ עֲמֹרָ֗ה וּמֶ֤לֶךְ אַדְמָה֙ וּמֶ֣לֶךְ צביים וּמֶ֥לֶךְ בֶּ֖לַע הִוא־צֹ֑עַר וַיַּֽעַרְכ֤וּ אִתָּם֙ מִלְחָמָ֔ה בְּעֵ֖מֶק הַשִּׂדִּֽים׃
* כ צְבֹיִים
* ק צְבֹויִם
And the king of Sedom went out, and the king of ‘Amora, and the king of Adma, and the king of Tzevoyim, and the king of Bela‘ (that is Tzoʿar), and they engaged in battle with them in the Valley of Siddim.
Morphology
- וַיֵּצֵ֨א (vayetze) – Root: יצא (yatza); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “and he went out”; Notes: Refers to the king of Sedom initiating movement.
- מֶֽלֶךְ־סְדֹ֜ם (melek-Sedom) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with proper noun; Translation: “the king of Sedom”; Notes: Identifies the ruler of Sedom.
- וּמֶ֣לֶךְ עֲמֹרָ֗ה (umelek-Amorah) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with proper noun; Translation: “and the king of Amorah”; Notes: Adds the ruler of Amorah.
- וּמֶ֤לֶךְ אַדְמָה֙ (umelek-Admah) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with proper noun; Translation: “and the king of Admah”; Notes: Refers to another participating ruler.
- וּמֶ֣לֶךְ צביים (umelek-Tzvoyim) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with proper noun; Translation: “and the king of Tzvoyim”; Notes: Lists the next king involved.
- וּמֶ֥לֶךְ בֶּ֖לַע (umelek-Bela) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with proper noun; Translation: “and the king of Bela”; Notes: Adds the last king from Bela.
- הִוא־צֹ֑עַר (hi-Tzoʿar) – Root: צעיר (tzoʿar); Form: Pronoun with proper noun; Translation: “that is Tzoʿar”; Notes: Clarifies the identity of Bela as Tzoʿar.
- וַיַּֽעַרְכ֤וּ (vayaʿarkhu) – Root: ערך (ʿarak); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3mp; Translation: “and they engaged”; Notes: Describes the kings arranging for battle.
- אִתָּם֙ (ittam) – Root: את (et); Form: Preposition with 3mp suffix; Translation: “with them”; Notes: Indicates the kings’ opposition to another group.
- מִלְחָמָ֔ה (milchamah) – Root: לחם (lacham); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “battle”; Notes: Defines the nature of their action.
- בְּעֵ֖מֶק (beʿemeq) – Root: עמק (ʿameq); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “in the valley”; Notes: Specifies the location of the battle.
- הַשִּׂדִּֽים (ha-Siddim) – Root: שׂדד (sadad); Form: Proper noun with definite article; Translation: “the Siddim”; Notes: Refers to the Valley of Siddim, likely near the Dead Sea.