וְגָ֤ר זְאֵב֙ עִם־כֶּ֔בֶשׂ וְנָמֵ֖ר עִם־גְּדִ֣י יִרְבָּ֑ץ וְעֵ֨גֶל וּכְפִ֤יר וּמְרִיא֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו וְנַ֥עַר קָטֹ֖ן נֹהֵ֥ג בָּֽם׃
And the wolf shall live with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together, and a little boy shall lead them.
Morphology
- וְגָר (ve-gar) – Root: גור (gur); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunctive vav; Translation: “And shall live”; Notes: Prophetic perfect expressing peaceful coexistence.
- זְאֵב (zeʾev) – Root: זאב (zeʾev); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “wolf”; Notes: Carnivorous predator contrasted with lamb.
- עִם־כֶּבֶשׂ (ʿim-keves) – Root: כבשׂ (keves); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with the lamb”; Notes: Symbol of innocence or vulnerability.
- וְנָמֵר (ve-namer) – Root: נמר (namer); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the leopard”; Notes: Another predator in the envisioned peace.
- עִם־גְּדִי (ʿim-gedi) – Root: גדד (gedi); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with the kid”; Notes: Young goat—another vulnerable animal.
- יִרְבָּץ (yirbats) – Root: רבץ (ravats); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall lie down”; Notes: Signifies rest or peaceful dwelling.
- וְעֵגֶל (ve-ʿegel) – Root: עגל (ʿagal); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the calf”; Notes: Domesticated, gentle animal.
- וּכְפִיר (u-kefir) – Root: כפר (kefir); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the young lion”; Notes: Typically fierce, now at peace.
- וּמְרִיא (u-meriʾ) – Root: מריא (meriʾ); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the fatling”; Notes: Well-fed domestic animal, symbolizing abundance.
- יַחְדָּו (yaḥdav) – Root: יחד (yaḥad); Form: Adverb; Translation: “together”; Notes: Denotes harmony and unified presence.
- וְנַעַר (ve-naʿar) – Root: נער (naʿar); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and a boy”; Notes: Young child, representing innocence and peace.
- קָטֹן (qaton) – Root: קטן (qatan); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “small”; Notes: Describes the boy—fragile yet leading.
- נֹהֵג (noheg) – Root: נהג (nahag); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “leading”; Notes: Shepherd-like guidance or control.
- בָּם (bam) – Root: ב + הם; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to all the animals listed before.