Isaiah 37:9

וַיִּשְׁמַ֗ע עַל־תִּרְהָ֤קָה מֶֽלֶךְ־כּוּשׁ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יָצָ֖א לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם אִתָּ֑ךְ וַיִּשְׁמַע֙ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ לֵאמֹֽר׃

And he heard concerning Tirhaqa king of Kush, saying, “He has come out to fight with you.” And he heard and sent messengers to Ḥizqiyahu, saying,

Morphology

1. וַיִּשְׁמַ֗ע (va-yishmaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he heard”; Notes: Likely refers to the king of Ashshur receiving intelligence.
2. עַל־תִּרְהָ֤קָה (ʿal-Tirhaqah) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “concerning Tirhaqah”; Notes: Tirhaqah was a king of Kush (Nubia/Egypt), likely referring to Taharqa.
3. מֶֽלֶךְ־כּוּשׁ֙ (melekh-Kush) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “king of Kush”; Notes: Kush was a region south of Mitsrayim (Egypt), associated with modern Sudan.
4. לֵאמֹ֔ר (leʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech or content of the report.
5. יָצָ֖א (yatza) – Root: יצא (yatzaʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He has come out”; Notes: Refers to Tirhaqah’s movement into battle.
6. לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם (le-hillachem) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Nifal infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to fight”; Notes: Nifal stem used reflexively or passively for combat.
7. אִתָּ֑ךְ (ittakh) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “with you”; Notes: Direct address to the king of Ashshur.
8. וַיִּשְׁמַע֙ (va-yishmaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he heard”; Notes: Repetition reinforces the reaction or continuation of action.
9. וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח (va-yishlaḥ) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he sent”; Notes: Refers to dispatching messengers in response to the news.
10. מַלְאָכִ֔ים (malʾakhim) – Root: מלאך (malʾakh); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “messengers”; Notes: Can refer to envoys, not necessarily angelic beings.
11. אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ (el-Ḥizqiyahu) – Root: חזק (ḥazaq) + divine element יהו; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Ḥizqiyahu”; Notes: King of Yehudah, target of the message.
12. לֵאמֹֽר (leʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces what the messengers will declare to Ḥizqiyahu.