רָנּ֤וּ שָׁמַ֨יִם֙ וְגִ֣ילִי אָ֔רֶץ יפצחו הָרִ֖ים רִנָּ֑ה כִּֽי־נִחַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ עַמֹּ֔ו וַעֲנִיָּ֖ו יְרַחֵֽם׃ ס
Sing, O heavens, and rejoice, O earth! Break forth, O mountains, into singing! For YHWH has comforted His people, and He will have compassion on His afflicted ones.
Morphology
- רָנּוּ (rannu) – Root: רנן; Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Sing!”; Notes: Call to joyful outburst from the heavens.
- שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) – Root: —; Form: Noun masculine dual (plurale tantum); Translation: “heavens”; Notes: Symbolic of the celestial realm.
- וְגִילִי (ve-gili) – Root: גיל; Form: Conjunction + Qal imperative feminine singular; Translation: “and rejoice!”; Notes: Feminine form addresses “earth.”
- אָרֶץ (ʾaretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “earth”; Notes: Paired with “heavens” to express cosmic joy.
- יִפְצְחוּ (yifsetsḥu) – Root: פצח; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “let them break forth”; Notes: Volitional imperfect indicating outburst of praise.
- הָרִים (harim) – Root: הר; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “mountains”; Notes: Personified to express joy with nature.
- רִנָּה (rinnah) – Root: רנן; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “singing” or “shout of joy”; Notes: Object of the verb “break forth.”
- כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for” or “because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the cosmic joy.
- נִחַם (niḥam) – Root: נחם; Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has comforted”; Notes: Intensive form emphasizing divine consolation.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the comforting and compassion.
- עַמּוֹ (ammo) – Root: עם; Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His people”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel as the object of divine comfort.
- וַעֲנִיָּו (va-ʿaniyav) – Root: עָנִי; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and His afflicted ones”; Notes: The humble or oppressed among His people.
- יְרַחֵם (yeraḥem) – Root: רחם; Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He will have compassion”; Notes: Highlights YHWH’s future mercy.