וְהַכְּלָבִ֣ים עַזֵּי־נֶ֗פֶשׁ לֹ֤א יָֽדְעוּ֙ שָׂבְעָ֔ה וְהֵ֣מָּה רֹעִ֔ים לֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ הָבִ֑ין כֻּלָּם֙ לְדַרְכָּ֣ם פָּנ֔וּ אִ֥ישׁ לְבִצְעֹ֖ו מִקָּצֵֽהוּ׃
And the dogs are greedy of soul, they do not know satisfaction. And they are shepherds who do not know understanding; they have all turned to their own way, each one to his own gain, from every end.
Morphology
- וְהַכְּלָבִ֣ים (ve-ha-kelavim) – Root: כלב; Form: Conjunction + definite article + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and the dogs”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to irresponsible leaders or prophets.
- עַזֵּי־נֶ֗פֶשׁ (azzei-nefesh) – Root: עז, נפש; Form: Construct phrase: adjective masculine plural + noun feminine singular; Translation: “greedy of soul”; Notes: Literally “fierce of soul,” meaning insatiable or gluttonous.
- לֹ֤א (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Introduces negation of what follows.
- יָֽדְעוּ֙ (yadʿu) – Root: ידע; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have known”; Notes: Implies ignorance or absence of discernment.
- שָׂבְעָ֔ה (savaʿah) – Root: שבע; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “satisfaction”; Notes: Abstract noun indicating fullness or contentment.
- וְהֵ֣מָּה (ve-hemmah) – Root: הם; Form: Conjunction + independent pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “and they”; Notes: Begins new clause about the same group.
- רֹעִ֔ים (roʿim) – Root: רעה; Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “shepherds”; Notes: Figurative for leaders, expected to guide and protect.
- לֹ֥א (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- יָדְע֖וּ (yadʿu) – Root: ידע; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have known”; Notes: Repeated verb; here refers to lack of understanding.
- הָבִ֑ין (havin) – Root: בין; Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “understanding”; Notes: Object of the previous verb, indicating their failure to comprehend.
- כֻּלָּם֙ (kullam) – Root: כל; Form: Noun in construct with 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “all of them”; Notes: Emphatic totality.
- לְדַרְכָּ֣ם (le-darkam) – Root: דרך; Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular with 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “to their way”; Notes: Indicates individualistic or self-directed path.
- פָּנ֔וּ (panu) – Root: פנה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they turned”; Notes: Indicates turning away from rightful duty.
- אִ֥ישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “each man”; Notes: Individualizes the following pursuit.
- לְבִצְעֹ֖ו (le-vitsʿo) – Root: בצע; Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular with 3rd person singular suffix; Translation: “to his gain”; Notes: Refers to selfish or greedy profit.
- מִקָּצֵֽהוּ (mi-qatsehu) – Root: קצה; Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from his end”; Notes: May indicate every direction or extremity; an idiom for each pursuing his own interest.