עָלָיו֙ יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ כְפִרִ֔ים נָתְנ֖וּ קֹולָ֑ם וַיָּשִׁ֤יתוּ אַרְצֹו֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה עָרָ֥יו נִצְּתָ֖ה מִבְּלִ֥י יֹשֵֽׁב׃
Against him young lions shall roar, they have given forth their voice; and they have made his land a desolation, his cities are burned without inhabitant.
Morphology
- עָלָיו֙ (ʿalav) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “against him”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel as the object of aggression.
- יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ (yishʾagu) – Root: שׁאג; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they will roar”; Notes: Describes continuous or future roaring of lions.
- כְפִרִ֔ים (kefirim) – Root: כפר; Form: Noun, masculine plural with prefixed preposition כ־; Translation: “like young lions”; Notes: Simile emphasizing ferocity.
- נָתְנ֖וּ (natnu) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they gave”; Notes: Refers to the roaring voice metaphorically given.
- קֹולָ֑ם (qolam) – Root: קול; Form: Noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their voice”; Notes: Object of the verb “they gave.”
- וַיָּשִׁ֤יתוּ (vayyashitu) – Root: שׁית; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they made”; Notes: Narrative consecutive verb indicating result.
- אַרְצֹו֙ (artzo) – Root: ארץ; Form: Noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his land”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel’s land.
- לְשַׁמָּ֔ה (le-shammah) – Root: שׁמם; Form: Noun, feminine singular with prefixed preposition; Translation: “to desolation”; Notes: Indicates purpose or result.
- עָרָ֥יו (ʿarav) – Root: עיר; Form: Noun, feminine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his cities”; Notes: Plural possession of Yisraʾel.
- נִצְּתָ֖ה (nittsʾah) – Root: יצת; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “are burned”; Notes: Passive sense, emphasizing destruction.
- מִבְּלִ֥י (mibbli) – Root: בלי; Form: Preposition; Translation: “without”; Notes: Common negating preposition indicating absence.
- יֹשֵֽׁב (yoshev) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “inhabitant”; Notes: Refers to one dwelling in a city, indicating total emptiness.