Jeremiah 3:7

וָאֹמַ֗ר אַחֲרֵ֨י עֲשֹׂותָ֧הּ אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֛לֶּה אֵלַ֥י תָּשׁ֖וּב וְלֹא־שָׁ֑בָה וַתֵּ֥רֶא בָּגֹודָ֥ה אֲחֹותָ֖הּ יְהוּדָֽה׃

And I said, ‘After she has done all these things, she will return to Me,’ but she did not return; and her treacherous sister Yehuda saw it.

Morphology

1. וָאֹמַ֗ר (va-omar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 1st person common singular; Translation: “And I said”; Notes: Narrative continuation—YHWH speaking reflectively.
2. אַחֲרֵ֨י (aḥarei) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Introduces a time clause following the events.
3. עֲשֹׂותָ֧הּ (ʿasotah) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Form: Qal infinitive construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “she has done”; Notes: Refers to the prior sinful acts of Yisraʾel.
4. אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֛לֶּה (et-kol-elleh) – Root: אלה (ʾelleh); Form: Accusative marker + totality construct + demonstrative plural; Translation: “all these things”; Notes: Object of the infinitive—comprehensive guilt.
5. אֵלַ֥י (elai) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to Me”; Notes: Direction of hoped-for repentance.
6. תָּשׁ֖וּב (tashuv) – Root: שׁוב (shuv); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “she will return”; Notes: Expresses expectation or hope.
7. וְלֹא־שָׁ֑בָה (ve-lo shavah) – Root: שׁוב (shuv); Form: Conjunction + negative + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “but she did not return”; Notes: Actual result contrasts the hope.
8. וַתֵּ֥רֶא (va-tereʾ) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and she saw”; Notes: Refers to Yehudah observing her sister’s fate.
9. בָּגֹודָ֥ה (bagodah) – Root: בגד (bagad); Form: Qal infinitive absolute used adverbially + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “in her treachery”; Notes: Describes Yehudah as committing betrayal.
10. אֲחֹותָ֖הּ (aḥotah) – Root: אחות (ʾaḥot); Form: Noun feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her sister”; Notes: Refers to Yehudah as sister of Yisraʾel.
11. יְהוּדָֽה (Yehudah) – Root: יהודה (Yehudah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Southern kingdom personified as a sister to the northern kingdom Yisraʾel.