Jeremiah 9:15 (Jeremiah 9:16)

וַהֲפִֽצֹותִים֙ בַּגֹּויִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יָֽדְע֔וּ הֵ֖מָּה וַֽאֲבֹותָ֑ם וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב עַ֥ד כַּלֹּותִ֖י אֹותָֽם׃ פ

And I will scatter them among the nations whom neither they nor their fathers have known, and I will send after them the sword until I have consumed them.”

Morphology

1. וַהֲפִצֹותִים (va-hafitsotim) – Root: פוץ (puts); Form: Hifil perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And I will scatter them”; Notes: Causative form indicating divine dispersion among the nations.
2. בַּגֹּויִם (ba-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Preposition + definite plural noun masculine; Translation: “among the nations”; Notes: Indicates foreign and hostile lands.
3. אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause describing the nations.
4. לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the verb that follows.
5. יָדְעוּ (yadʿu) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they knew”; Notes: Refers to unfamiliarity with foreign nations.
6. הֵמָּה (hemmah) – Root: Pronoun; Form: Independent 3rd person masculine plural pronoun; Translation: “they”; Notes: Emphasizes the subject of the clause.
7. וַאֲבֹותָם (va-avotam) – Root: אב (av); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and their fathers”; Notes: Expands the scope to the ancestral past.
8. וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי (ve-shillaḥti) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Piel perfect 1st person singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and I will send”; Notes: Piel intensifies the act of sending as punishment.
9. אַחֲרֵיהֶם (aḥareihem) – Root: אחר (aḥar); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “after them”; Notes: Indicates pursuit by divine judgment.
10. אֶת־הַחֶרֶב (et-ha-ḥerev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Direct object marker + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the sword”; Notes: Symbol of war and destruction.
11. עַד (ʿad) – Root: עד (ʿad); Form: Preposition; Translation: “until”; Notes: Introduces a limit or extent of the punishment.
12. כַּלֹּותִי (kalloti) – Root: כלה (kalah); Form: Piel infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “I have consumed”; Notes: Expresses complete destruction or eradication.
13. אֹותָם (otam) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Pronoun masculine plural object; Translation: “them”; Notes: The target of the judgment.