זַ֤יִת רַֽעֲנָן֙ יְפֵ֣ה פְרִי־תֹ֔אַר קָרָ֥א יְהוָ֖ה שְׁמֵ֑ךְ לְקֹ֣ול הֲמוּלָּ֣ה גְדֹלָ֗ה הִצִּ֥ית אֵשׁ֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ וְרָע֖וּ דָּלִיֹּותָֽיו׃
“An olive tree, leafy, beautiful in fruit and form,” YHWH has called your name. With the sound of a great uproar, He has kindled fire upon her, and its branches were broken.
Morphology
- זַיִת (zayit) – Root: זית; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “olive tree”; Notes: A metaphor for Yisraʾel, symbolizing fruitfulness or blessing.
- רַעֲנָן (raʿanan) – Root: רען; Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “leafy” or “luxuriant”; Notes: Suggests vibrancy and flourishing.
- יְפֵה (yefe) – Root: יפה; Form: Adjective, masculine singular construct; Translation: “beautiful (in)”; Notes: Construct state ties to the following noun.
- פְרִי־תֹאַר (peri-toʾar) – Roots: פרי and תאר; Form: Noun construct masculine singular + noun masculine singular; Translation: “fruit of form” = “beautiful in fruit and form”; Notes: Poetic expression for external beauty and productivity.
- קָרָא (qara) – Root: קרא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has called”; Notes: Introduces divine declaration.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the verb “has called.”
- שְׁמֵךְ (shmeikh) – Root: שם; Form: Noun masculine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your name”; Notes: Feminine form likely personifies the nation.
- לְקֹול (le-qol) – Root: קול; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with the sound of”; Notes: Introduces cause or accompaniment.
- הֲמוּלָּה (hamullah) – Root: המם; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “uproar”; Notes: Refers to violent disturbance or clamor.
- גְדֹלָה (gedolah) – Root: גדל; Form: Adjective feminine singular; Translation: “great”; Notes: Modifies the noun “uproar.”
- הִצִּית (hitsit) – Root: יצת; Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He has kindled”; Notes: Indicates causation—initiating fire.
- אֵשׁ (ʾesh) – Root: אשׁ; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “fire”; Notes: Direct object of “He has kindled.”
- עָלֶיהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על; Form: Preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “upon her”; Notes: Refers back to the olive tree (nation).
- וְרָעוּ (ve-raʿu) – Root: רעע; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “were broken”; Notes: Subject is the branches.
- דָּלִיֹּותָיו (daliyotav) – Root: דליה; Form: Noun feminine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “its branches”; Notes: Refers to the branches of the olive tree.