כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֡ה הִנְנִי֩ נֹתֶנְךָ֨ לְמָגֹ֜ור לְךָ֣ וּלְכָל־אֹהֲבֶ֗יךָ וְנָֽפְל֛וּ בְּחֶ֥רֶב אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם וְעֵינֶ֣יךָ רֹאֹ֑ות וְאֶת־כָּל־יְהוּדָ֗ה אֶתֵּן֙ בְּיַ֣ד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל וְהִגְלָ֥ם בָּבֶ֖לָה וְהִכָּ֥ם בֶּחָֽרֶב׃
For thus says YHWH: ‘Behold, I am giving you over to terror, you and all your lovers, and they shall fall by the sword of their enemies, and your eyes shall see it. And all Yehuda I will give into the hand of the king of Bavel, and he shall exile them to Bavel and strike them with the sword.
Morphology
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces explanatory or causal clause.
- כֹ֣ה (koh) – Root: כה; Form: Adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Used in prophetic proclamations.
- אָמַ֣ר (amar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as the speaker.
- יְהוָ֡ה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the verb “said.”
- הִנְנִי֩ (hineni) – Root: הן; Form: Interjection + 1st person singular pronoun suffix; Translation: “Behold, I”; Notes: Used for emphasis in divine speech.
- נֹתֶנְךָ֨ (notenekha) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal participle masculine singular + 2ms suffix; Translation: “I am giving you”; Notes: Present participle used with hineni to express imminent action.
- לְמָגֹ֜ור (le-magor) – Root: גור; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to terror”; Notes: Magor means “terror, fear.”
- לְךָ֣ (lekha) – Root: ל; Form: Preposition + 2ms suffix; Translation: “for you”; Notes: Emphasizes the personal effect of the terror.
- וּלְכָל־אֹהֲבֶ֗יךָ (u-lekhol-ohavekha) – Root: אהב; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “and to all your lovers”; Notes: “Lovers” often used metaphorically for political allies or idolatrous companions.
- וְנָֽפְל֛וּ (venafelu) – Root: נפל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and they shall fall”; Notes: Refers to judgment through defeat.
- בְּחֶ֥רֶב (be-ḥerev) – Root: חרב; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “by the sword”; Notes: Instrument of death.
- אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם (oyvehem) – Root: אויב; Form: Noun masculine plural + 3mp suffix; Translation: “their enemies”; Notes: Object of fear and judgment.
- וְעֵינֶ֣יךָ (ve-einekha) – Root: עין; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine dual + 2ms suffix; Translation: “and your eyes”; Notes: Emphasizes the horror being witnessed.
- רֹאֹ֑ות (ro’ot) – Root: ראה; Form: Qal participle feminine plural; Translation: “seeing”; Notes: Paired with עיניך as predicate participle.
- וְאֶת־כָּל־יְהוּדָ֗ה (ve-et-kol-Yehudah) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker + noun + proper noun; Translation: “and all Yehudah”; Notes: Direct object of next verb.
- אֶתֵּן֙ (etten) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I will give”; Notes: Future divine action.
- בְּיַ֣ד (be-yad) – Root: יד; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “into the hand of”; Notes: Common idiom for deliverance into power.
- מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל (melekh-Bavel) – Root: מלך, בבל; Form: Construct noun masculine singular + proper noun; Translation: “king of Bavel”; Notes: Nebukhadretstsar is implied.
- וְהִגְלָ֥ם (vehiglam) – Root: גלה; Form: Hifil perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3mp suffix; Translation: “and he shall exile them”; Notes: Causative of “uncover” meaning “to deport.”
- בָּבֶ֖לָה (Bavelah) – Root: בבל; Form: Proper noun with directional he; Translation: “to Bavel”; Notes: Directional ending ה indicates movement toward.
- וְהִכָּ֥ם (vehikkam) – Root: נכה; Form: Hifil perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3mp suffix; Translation: “and he shall strike them”; Notes: Causative form of “strike.”
- בֶּחָֽרֶב (be-ḥarev) – Root: חרב; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “with the sword”; Notes: Instrument of execution.