וְהָיָ֨ה הַגֹּ֜וי וְהַמַּמְלָכָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יַעַבְד֤וּ אֹתֹו֙ אֶת־נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל וְאֵ֨ת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יִתֵּן֙ אֶת־צַוָּארֹ֔ו בְּעֹ֖ל מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֑ל בַּחֶרֶב֩ וּבָרָעָ֨ב וּבַדֶּ֜בֶר אֶפְקֹ֨ד עַל־הַגֹּ֤וי הַהוּא֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה עַד־תֻּמִּ֥י אֹתָ֖ם בְּיָדֹֽו׃
And it shall be, the nation and the kingdom which will not serve him, Nebukhadnetstsar king of Bavel, and which will not put its neck into the yoke of the king of Bavel, with the sword and with the famine and with the pestilence I will punish that nation,” declares YHWH, “until I have consumed them by his hand.
Morphology
- וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive; Translation: “and it shall be”; Notes: Introduces a conditional or future consequence clause.
- הַגֹּוי (hag-goy) – Root: גוי; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the nation”; Notes: Refers to a political entity subject to Babylonian power.
- וְהַמַּמְלָכָה (ve-hammamlakhah) – Root: מלך; Form: Conjunction + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the kingdom”; Notes: Parallel term with “nation” for emphasis.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- לֹא־יַעַבְדוּ (lo-yaʿavdu) – Root: עבד; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “will not serve”; Notes: Indicates refusal of political submission.
- אֹתו (oto) – Root: את; Form: Direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “him”; Notes: Refers to Nebukhadnetstsar.
- אֶת־נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר (et-Nevukhadnetstsar) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker + proper name; Translation: “Nebukhadnetstsar”; Notes: Babylonian king, subject of the clause.
- מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל (melekh-Bavel) – Root: מלך; Form: Noun masculine singular in construct + proper name; Translation: “king of Bavel”; Notes: Identifies Nebukhadnetstsar’s title.
- וְאֵת (ve-et) – Root: את; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker; Translation: “and [which]”; Notes: Links to the second relative clause.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate description.
- לֹא־יִתֵּן (lo-yitten) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “will not put”; Notes: Expresses volition/refusal.
- אֶת־צַוָּארו (et-tsavvaro) – Root: צואר; Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “its neck”; Notes: Figurative for submission.
- בְּעֹל (be-ʿol) – Root: עלל; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “into the yoke of”; Notes: Symbol of servitude or subjugation.
- מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל (melekh-Bavel) – Root: מלך; Form: Noun masculine singular in construct + proper name; Translation: “king of Bavel”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- בַּחֶרֶב (ba-ḥerev) – Root: חרב; Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “with the sword”; Notes: Instrument of divine judgment.
- וּבָרָעָב (u-va-raʿav) – Root: רעב; Form: Conjunction + preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and with the famine”; Notes: Another form of punishment.
- וּבַדֶּבֶר (u-va-dever) – Root: דבר; Form: Conjunction + preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and with the pestilence”; Notes: Common prophetic triad of judgment: sword, famine, pestilence.
- אֶפְקֹד (efqod) – Root: פקד; Form: Qal imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I will punish”; Notes: Indicates divine intervention against the disobedient nation.
- עַל־הַגֹּוי (ʿal-hag-goy) – Root: גוי; Form: Preposition עַל + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “against the nation”; Notes: Direct object of judgment.
- הַהוּא (hah-hu) – Root: —; Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Specifies the targeted nation.
- נְאֻם־יְהוָה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + divine name; Translation: “declares YHWH”; Notes: Formal prophetic affirmation.
- עַד־תֻּמִּי (ʿad-tummi) – Root: תםם; Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “until I have finished”; Notes: Marks the limit of divine judgment.
- אֹתָם (otam) – Root: את; Form: Direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to the disobedient nations.
- בְּיָדו (be-yado) – Root: יד; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “by his hand”; Notes: Indicates agency of Nebukhadnetstsar in carrying out divine judgment.