כִּ֤י כָל־רֹאשׁ֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְכָל־זָקָ֖ן גְּרֻעָ֑ה עַ֤ל כָּל־יָדַ֨יִם֙ גְּדֻדֹ֔ת וְעַל־מָתְנַ֖יִם שָֽׂק׃
For every head is baldness, and every beard is shorn; upon all hands are cuttings, and upon the loins sackcloth.
Morphology
- כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason or result of mourning.
- כָל־ (kol-) – Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular construct with maqaf; Translation: “every, all of”; Notes: Governs the following noun.
- רֹאשׁ (roʾsh) – Root: ראשׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “head”; Notes: Used collectively for all individuals.
- קָרְחָה (qarḥah) – Root: קרח; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “baldness”; Notes: A mourning practice, shaving the head as a sign of grief.
- וְכָל־ (ve-kol-) – Root: כל; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular construct with maqaf; Translation: “and every”; Notes: Parallel construction to the previous clause.
- זָקָן (zaqan) – Root: זקן; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “beard”; Notes: Represents dignity, here defaced in mourning.
- גְּרֻעָה (geruʿah) – Root: גרע; Form: Pual participle feminine singular; Translation: “is shorn, diminished”; Notes: Depicts ritual cutting of the beard in lamentation.
- עַל (ʿal) – Root: —; Form: Preposition; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Introduces location of mourning marks.
- כָּל־ (kol-) – Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular construct with maqaf; Translation: “all of”; Notes: Governs “hands.”
- יָדַיִם (yadayim) – Root: יד; Form: Noun feminine dual absolute; Translation: “hands”; Notes: Dual form, referring collectively to all hands.
- גְּדֻדֹת (gedudot) – Root: גדד; Form: Noun feminine plural absolute; Translation: “cuttings”; Notes: Lacerations made in mourning rites.
- וְעַל־ (ve-ʿal-) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction + preposition with maqaf; Translation: “and upon”; Notes: Continues the description of mourning practices.
- מָתְנַיִם (motnayim) – Root: מתן; Form: Noun masculine dual absolute; Translation: “loins”; Notes: Refers to the waist area, often girded in sackcloth in grief.
- שָׂק (saq) – Root: שׂק; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “sackcloth”; Notes: Garment of mourning, symbolizing humility and sorrow.