Jeremiah 48:38

עַ֣ל כָּל־גַּגֹּ֥ות מֹואָ֛ב וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֖יהָ כֻּלֹּ֣ה מִסְפֵּ֑ד כִּֽי־שָׁבַ֣רְתִּי אֶת־מֹואָ֗ב כִּכְלִ֛י אֵֽין־חֵ֥פֶץ בֹּ֖ו נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃

Upon all the roofs of Moʾav and in her streets, altogether lamentation; for I have broken Moʾav like a vessel in which there is no delight,” declares YHWH.

Morphology

1. עַל (ʿal) – Root: —; Form: Preposition; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Marks location.
2. כָּל־ (kol-) – Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular construct with maqaf; Translation: “all of”; Notes: Governs “roofs.”
3. גַּגֹּות (gaggot) – Root: גג; Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “roofs”; Notes: Flat roofs were common in ancient Near Eastern towns.
4. מֹואָב (Moʾav) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Moʾav”; Notes: The nation subject to judgment.
5. וּבִרְחֹבֹותֶיהָ (u-virḥovoteha) – Root: רחב; Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and in her streets”; Notes: Refers to public spaces of Moʾav’s cities.
6. כֻּלֹּה (kulloh) – Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “all of it”; Notes: Refers to the entire nation in mourning.
7. מִסְפֵּד (misped) – Root: ספד; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “lamentation”; Notes: Formal mourning ritual.
8. כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces causal clause.
9. שָׁבַרְתִּי (shavarti) – Root: שׁבר; Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I have broken”; Notes: YHWH as subject of destructive action.
10. אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks Moʾav as the object of the verb.
11. מֹואָב (Moʾav) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Moʾav”; Notes: The nation being broken.
12. כִּכְלִי (ki-kheli) – Root: כלי; Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “like a vessel of mine”; Notes: Comparison with an object.
13. אֵין־ (ʾein) – Root: —; Form: Negative particle with maqaf; Translation: “without”; Notes: Expresses non-existence.
14. חֵפֶץ (ḥefets) – Root: חפץ; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “delight, pleasure”; Notes: Describes worthlessness.
15. בֹּו (bo) – Root: —; Form: Preposition בְּ + third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in it”; Notes: Refers to the vessel, metaphor for Moʾav.
16. נְאֻם־ (nəʾum-) – Root: נאם; Form: Noun masculine singular construct with maqaf; Translation: “utterance of”; Notes: Prophetic declaration formula.
17. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה/יהוה; Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Confirms the authority of the oracle.