וַיְהִ֕י אַחֲרֵ֖י כָּל־רָעָתֵ֑ךְ אֹ֣וי אֹ֣וי לָ֔ךְ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃
And it came to pass after all your wickedness—woe, woe to you!” declares the Lord YHWH.
Morphology
- וַיְהִי (va-yehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it came to pass”; Notes: Introduces a consequential stage or result after the description of sin.
- אַחֲרֵי (aḥarei) – Root: אחר (aḥar); Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Marks temporal sequence of events.
- כָּל־רָעָתֵךְ (kol-raʿatek) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “all your wickedness”; Notes: Refers to the full measure of unfaithful deeds.
- אֹוי (oy) – Form: Interjection; Translation: “woe”; Notes: Cry of anguish, grief, or denunciation. Repeated for emphasis.
- אֹוי (oy) – Form: Interjection; Translation: “woe”; Notes: The repetition doubles the intensity of the lament and condemnation.
- לָךְ (lakh) – Root: ל (le); Form: Preposition + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Directed at personified Jerusalem, recipient of judgment.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “utterance of”; Notes: A fixed prophetic formula asserting divine authority.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾAdonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Title of dominion when joined with YHWH.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of Israel’s God, emphasizing ultimate authority.