Ezekiel 23:37

כִּ֣י נִאֵ֗פוּ וְדָם֙ בִּֽידֵיהֶ֔ן וְאֶת־גִּלּֽוּלֵיהֶ֖ן נִאֵ֑פוּ וְגַ֤ם אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָֽלְדוּ־לִ֔י הֶעֱבִ֥ירוּ לָהֶ֖ם לְאָכְלָֽה׃

For they have committed adultery, and blood is in their hands, and with their idols they committed adultery, and even their sons whom they bore to me they passed to them for food.

Morphology

1. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for / because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for condemnation.
2. נִאֵפוּ (niʾēfū) – Root: נאף (naʾaf); Form: Niphal perfect 3rd common plural; Translation: “they have committed adultery”; Notes: Figuratively refers to idolatry and covenant unfaithfulness.
3. וְדָם (ve-dām) – Root: דם (dam); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and blood”; Notes: Refers to violence or bloodguilt.
4. בִּידֵיהֶן (bi-yedehen) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition + noun feminine plural construct + 3rd feminine plural suffix; Translation: “in their hands”; Notes: Symbol of guilt and responsibility.
5. וְאֶת־ (ve-ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Conjunction + object marker; Translation: [no direct translation]; Notes: Marks definite direct object.
6. גִּלּוּלֵיהֶן (gillūlehen) – Root: גלל (galal); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine plural suffix; Translation: “their idols”; Notes: Derogatory term for idols, possibly linked to dung imagery.
7. נִאֵפוּ (niʾēfū) – Root: נאף (naʾaf); Form: Niphal perfect 3rd common plural; Translation: “they committed adultery”; Notes: Repetition intensifies the accusation.
8. וְגַם (ve-gam) – Root: גם (gam); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “and also / and even”; Notes: Introduces escalation of their sins.
9. אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Object marker; Translation: [no direct translation]; Notes: Introduces object “their sons.”
10. בְּנֵיהֶן (benēhen) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine plural suffix; Translation: “their sons”; Notes: Refers to children of Jerusalem and Samaria.
11. אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “whom / that”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
12. יָלְדוּ (yāldū) – Root: ילד (yalad); Form: Qal perfect 3rd common plural; Translation: “they bore”; Notes: Natural childbirth language, used figuratively of bearing children to YHWH.
13. לִי (lī) – Root: ל (le); Form: Preposition + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Indicates covenantal belonging to YHWH.
14. הֶעֱבִירוּ (heʿĕvīrū) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd common plural; Translation: “they caused to pass”; Notes: Refers to child sacrifice, transferring children to pagan gods.
15. לָהֶם (lāhem) – Root: הוא (huʾ); Form: Preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Refers to the idols or false gods.
16. לְאָכְלָה (le-ʾokhlāh) – Root: אכל (ʾakal); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for food”; Notes: Horrific image of human sacrifice as nourishment for idols.