וְהֶעֱבִירַ֥נִי עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם סָבִ֣יב סָבִ֑יב וְהִנֵּ֨ה רַבֹּ֤ות מְאֹד֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַבִּקְעָ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֖ה יְבֵשֹׁ֥ות מְאֹֽד׃
And He caused me to pass around them, all around, and behold, there were very many upon the face of the valley, and behold, they were very dry.
Morphology
- וְהֶעֱבִירַנִי (ve-heʿevirani) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix 1st person singular; Translation: “and He caused me to pass”; Notes: Causative form—YHWH leads the prophet through the scene, showing him the extent of the vision.
- עֲלֵיהֶם (ʿaleihem) – Root: —; Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “over them” or “upon them”; Notes: Indicates the prophet’s movement around or above the bones in the vision.
- סָבִיב (saviv) – Root: סביב (saviv); Form: Adverb; Translation: “around”; Notes: Describes the circular motion, emphasizing a complete survey of the valley.
- סָבִיב (saviv) – Root: סביב (saviv); Form: Adverb (repeated); Translation: “around”; Notes: The repetition intensifies the sense of total observation—Ezekiel is made to see the entirety of the scene.
- וְהִנֵּה (ve-hinneh) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + interjection; Translation: “and behold”; Notes: Draws attention to what the prophet sees—an emphatic marker introducing new visual detail.
- רַבֹּות (rabbot) – Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “many” or “a great multitude”; Notes: Indicates the overwhelming number of bones, stressing the total devastation.
- מְאֹד (meʾod) – Root: מאד (meʾod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “very”; Notes: Intensifies the previous adjective—emphasizes the vastness of the quantity.
- עַל־פְּנֵי (ʿal-penei) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “upon the face of”; Notes: Locative phrase indicating the bones were spread across the entire surface of the valley.
- הַבִּקְעָה (ha-biqʿah) – Root: בקע (baqaʿ); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the valley” or “the plain”; Notes: Refers to the same valley of the previous verse, now viewed from a broader perspective.
- וְהִנֵּה (ve-hinneh) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + interjection; Translation: “and behold”; Notes: Signals another observation within the vision—adds emphasis and progression.
- יְבֵשֹׁות (yeveshot) – Root: יבשׁ (yavesh); Form: Adjective feminine plural; Translation: “dry”; Notes: Describes the bones as lifeless and brittle, symbolizing utter hopelessness.
- מְאֹד (meʾod) – Root: מאד (meʾod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “very”; Notes: Intensifies the dryness—implies prolonged death and absence of life or vitality.