וְהִנֵּ֗ה כְּבֹוד֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בָּ֖א מִדֶּ֣רֶךְ הַקָּדִ֑ים וְקֹולֹ֗ו כְּקֹול֙ מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֔ים וְהָאָ֖רֶץ הֵאִ֥ירָה מִכְּבֹדֹֽו׃
And behold, the glory of the God of Yisraʾel came from the way of the east, and His voice was like the sound of many waters, and the earth shone from His glory.
Morphology
- וְהִנֵּה (ve-hinneh) – Root: הנה (hinneh); Form: Conjunction וְ + interjection; Translation: “And behold”; Notes: Introduces a visionary moment of revelation and attention in the prophetic scene.
- כְּבֹוד (kevōd) – Root: כבד (kavad); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “glory of”; Notes: Often denotes divine majesty or radiant presence, especially of YHWH.
- אֱלֹהֵי (ʾelohei) – Root: אלה (ʾeloah); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “God of”; Notes: Construct form links to “Yisraʾel,” expressing possession or relation.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the covenant people of YHWH.
- בָּא (baʾ) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “came”; Notes: Indicates the entrance or arrival of divine glory from the eastern direction.
- מִדֶּרֶךְ (mi-derekh) – Root: דרך (derek); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the way”; Notes: Denotes the source or direction of approach.
- הַקָּדִים (ha-qadim) – Root: קדם (qedem); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the east”; Notes: Symbolically associated with divine presence and new beginnings.
- וְקֹולֹו (ve-qolō) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and His voice”; Notes: Refers to the sound accompanying the manifestation of divine glory.
- כְּקֹול (ke-qol) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like the sound of”; Notes: Introduces a simile comparing YHWH’s voice to natural grandeur.
- מַיִם (mayim) – Root: מים (mayim); Form: Noun masculine plural (dual form in meaning); Translation: “waters”; Notes: The sound evokes immense power and majesty.
- רַבִּים (rabbim) – Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “many”; Notes: Qualifies “waters,” emphasizing abundance and magnitude.
- וְהָאָרֶץ (ve-haʾaretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Conjunction וְ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the earth”; Notes: Denotes the physical world illuminated by divine glory.
- הֵאִירָה (heʾirah) – Root: אור (ʾor); Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “shone” or “gave light”; Notes: Expresses radiance emanating from YHWH’s presence.
- מִכְּבֹדֹו (mi-kvodo) – Root: כבד (kavad); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “from His glory”; Notes: Indicates the source of the earth’s illumination — the splendor of divine majesty.