תִּקְע֨וּ שֹׁופָ֜ר בְּצִיֹּ֗ון וְהָרִ֨יעוּ֙ בְּהַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֔י יִרְגְּז֕וּ כֹּ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־בָ֥א יֹום־יְהוָ֖ה כִּ֥י קָרֹֽוב׃
Blow a shofar in Tsiyon, and sound an alarm on My holy mountain; let all the inhabitants of the land tremble, for the day of YHWH comes, for it is near.
Morphology
- תִּקְע֨וּ (tiqʿu) – Root: תקע (taqaʿ); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “Blow”; Notes: A command addressed to the people to sound the shofar.
- שֹׁופָ֜ר (shofar) – Root: שופר (shofar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a shofar”; Notes: Refers to a ram’s horn used in religious or military signaling.
- בְּצִיֹּ֗ון (be-Tsiyon) – Root: ציון (Tsiyon); Form: Preposition בְּ + proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “in Tsiyon”; Notes: Refers to Mount Zion, the sacred hill in Yerushalayim.
- וְהָרִ֨יעוּ֙ (ve-hariʿu) – Root: רוע (ruaʿ); Form: Conjunction + Hifil imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and sound an alarm”; Notes: A call to shout or signal loudly in warning or excitement.
- בְּהַ֣ר (be-har) – Root: הר (har); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “on the mountain”; Notes: The location of the alarm—YHWH’s holy mountain.
- קָדְשִׁ֔י (qodshi) – Root: קדשׁ (qodesh); Form: Noun masculine singular with suffix 1st person singular; Translation: “My holy”; Notes: Possessive form—YHWH’s own holy mountain.
- יִרְגְּז֕וּ (yirgezū) – Root: רגז (ragaz); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “let them tremble”; Notes: Expresses fear or agitation of the inhabitants due to divine judgment.
- כֹ֖ל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “all”; Notes: Collective term emphasizing totality of inhabitants.
- יֹשְׁבֵ֣י (yoshvei) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “inhabitants of”; Notes: Denotes those dwelling within a region.
- הָאָ֑רֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (erets); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the whole country or earth under judgment.
- כִּֽי־ (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the trembling and warning.
- בָ֥א (ba) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “comes”; Notes: Refers to the imminent arrival of the day of YHWH.
- יֹום־ (yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “day of”; Notes: Construct form linking to the divine name following it.
- יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, denoting the covenant God of Yisraʾel.
- כִּ֥י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Reiterates causal connection emphasizing immediacy.
- קָרֹֽוב (qarov) – Root: קרב (qarav); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “near”; Notes: Stresses the nearness and certainty of the day’s arrival.