וְהָיָה֩ בַיֹּ֨ום הַה֜וּא יִטְּפ֧וּ הֶהָרִ֣ים עָסִ֗יס וְהַגְּבָעֹות֙ תֵּלַ֣כְנָה חָלָ֔ב וְכָל־אֲפִיקֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יֵ֣לְכוּ מָ֑יִם וּמַעְיָ֗ן מִבֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ יֵצֵ֔א וְהִשְׁקָ֖ה אֶת־נַ֥חַל הַשִּׁטִּֽים׃
And it shall be in that day, the mountains shall drip sweet wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the streams of Yehuda shall flow with water; and a fountain shall come forth from the House of YHWH, and it shall water the Valley of the Shittim.
Morphology
- וְהָיָה֩ (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular (used as prophetic future); Translation: “And it shall be”; Notes: Introduces a future event, often marking eschatological or prophetic fulfillment.
- בַיֹּ֨ום (ba-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular definite; Translation: “in the day”; Notes: Refers to a specific, decisive day—“the Day of YHWH.”
- הַה֜וּא (ha-hu) – Root: —; Form: Definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Points to a particular eschatological time known as “that day.”
- יִטְּפ֧וּ (yitṭefu) – Root: נטף (nataf); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “shall drip”; Notes: Describes abundant outpouring, often symbolic of divine blessing or prosperity.
- הֶהָרִ֣ים (he-harim) – Root: הר (har); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the mountains”; Notes: Symbolic of strength and stability; here they yield fruitfulness and blessing.
- עָסִ֗יס (ʿasis) – Root: עסס (ʿasas); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “sweet wine”; Notes: Refers to freshly pressed grape juice, representing abundance and joy.
- וְהַגְּבָעֹות֙ (ve-ha-gevʿot) – Root: גבע (gavaʿ); Form: Conjunction וְ + definite noun feminine plural; Translation: “and the hills”; Notes: Parallel to “mountains,” enhancing the image of widespread fertility.
- תֵּלַ֣כְנָה (te-lakhna) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural; Translation: “shall flow”; Notes: Personifies the hills as moving or flowing, symbolizing abundance and life.
- חָלָ֔ב (ḥalav) – Root: חלב (ḥalav); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “milk”; Notes: Symbol of prosperity and nourishment, recalling the imagery of the Promised Land “flowing with milk and honey.”
- וְכָל־אֲפִיקֵ֥י (ve-khol-ʾafikei) – Root: אפיק (ʾafik); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “and all the channels of”; Notes: Refers to riverbeds or watercourses conveying abundance throughout Yehudah.
- יְהוּדָ֖ה (Yehudah) – Root: יהד (Yehud); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Denotes the southern kingdom, representing the covenant people in restoration imagery.
- יֵ֣לְכוּ (yelkhu) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “shall flow”; Notes: Describes the movement of waters symbolizing life, renewal, and blessing.
- מָ֑יִם (mayim) – Root: מים (mayim); Form: Noun masculine plural (dual in form); Translation: “water”; Notes: A sign of fertility and restoration in prophetic imagery.
- וּמַעְיָ֗ן (u-maʿyan) – Root: עין (ʿayin); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and a fountain”; Notes: Symbolizes life and continuous divine supply, often associated with YHWH’s presence.
- מִבֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ (mi-beit YHWH) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular construct + divine name; Translation: “from the House of YHWH”; Notes: The source of blessing originates from YHWH’s dwelling, symbolizing life flowing from His presence.
- יֵצֵ֔א (yetzeʾ) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall come forth”; Notes: Denotes emanation or outflow, describing the fountain’s divine source.
- וְהִשְׁקָ֖ה (ve-hishqah) – Root: שׁקה (shaqah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it shall water”; Notes: Expresses causative action—YHWH’s blessing brings fertility and life to arid regions.
- אֶת־נַ֥חַל (ʾet-naḥal) – Root: נחל (naḥal); Form: Particle of direct object אֶת + noun masculine singular; Translation: “the valley of”; Notes: Introduces the object of the watering—the area renewed by divine flow.
- הַשִּׁטִּֽים׃ (ha-shittim) – Root: שטה (shitah); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the Shittim”; Notes: Refers to the Valley of the Acacias, possibly east of the Jordan, symbolizing the furthest extent of divine renewal.