Amos 1:2

וַיֹּאמַ֓ר יְהוָה֙ מִצִּיֹּ֣ון יִשְׁאָ֔ג וּמִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם יִתֵּ֣ן קֹולֹ֑ו וְאָֽבְלוּ֙ נְאֹ֣ות הָרֹעִ֔ים וְיָבֵ֖שׁ רֹ֥אשׁ הַכַּרְמֶֽל׃ פ

And YHWH roars from Tsiyon and from Yerushalayim gives His voice, and the pastures of the shepherds mourn, and the top of the Karmel withers.

Morphology

1. וַיֹּאמַ֓ר (va-yomar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And He said”; Notes: Introduces YHWH’s utterance, marking the start of the prophetic oracle.
2. יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun, Tetragrammaton; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine speaker whose judgmental roar reverberates through creation.
3. מִצִּיֹּ֣ון (mi-Tsiyon) – Root: ציון (Tsiyon); Form: Preposition מִן + proper noun; Translation: “from Tsiyon”; Notes: Indicates the place from which YHWH’s voice issues—His dwelling place.
4. יִשְׁאָ֔ג (yishʾag) – Root: שׁאג (shaʾag); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He roars”; Notes: A metaphor of divine power and judgment, likened to a lion’s roar.
5. וּמִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם (u-mi-Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלים (Yerushalayim); Form: Conjunction + preposition מִן + proper noun; Translation: “and from Yerushalayim”; Notes: Parallel phrase emphasizing YHWH’s dominion extending from His holy city.
6. יִתֵּ֣ן (yitten) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He gives”; Notes: Here used idiomatically: “He gives His voice,” meaning He utters a mighty sound.
7. קֹולֹ֑ו (qolov) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “His voice”; Notes: Represents the thunderous expression of YHWH’s power or decree.
8. וְאָֽבְלוּ֙ (ve-ʾavlu) – Root: אבל (ʾaval); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “and they mourned”; Notes: Describes the land’s response to divine judgment—sorrow and devastation.
9. נְאֹ֣ות (neʾot) – Root: נוה (navah); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “pastures”; Notes: Refers to the grazing lands or habitations of shepherds, symbolic of rural livelihood.
10. הָרֹעִ֔ים (ha-roʿim) – Root: רעה (raʿah); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the shepherds”; Notes: Represents both literal herders and metaphorically the leaders of the people.
11. וְיָבֵ֖שׁ (ve-yavesh) – Root: יבשׁ (yavesh); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and withers”; Notes: Denotes drying up or desolation caused by divine wrath.
12. רֹ֥אשׁ (rosh) – Root: ראשׁ (rosh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “the top” or “the summit”; Notes: Refers to the uppermost part of a mountain or region.
13. הַכַּרְמֶֽל׃ (ha-Karmel) – Root: כרמל (Karmel); Form: Definite proper noun; Translation: “the Karmel”; Notes: Refers to Mount Karmel, a fertile region whose withering signifies total judgment upon the land.