שֹׂ֥נְאֵי טֹ֖וב וְאֹ֣הֲבֵי רעה גֹּזְלֵ֤י עֹורָם֙ מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וּשְׁאֵרָ֖ם מֵעַ֥ל עַצְמֹותָֽם׃
Haters of good and lovers of evil skinners of their skin from off them and their flesh from off their bones.
Morphology
- שֹׂנְאֵי (sonʾei) — Root: שנא (sanaʾ); Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “haters of”; Notes: Participle used substantivally to denote habitual character.
- טֹוב (tov) — Root: טוב (tov); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “good”; Notes: Moral good, standing in contrast to evil.
- וְאֹהֲבֵי (ve-ohavei) — Root: אהב (ʾahav); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “and lovers of”; Notes: Further character indictment parallel to “haters of good.”
- רעה (raʿah) — Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “evil”; Notes: Moral wrongdoing in contrast to טֹוב.
- גֹּזְלֵי (gozlei) — Root: גזל (gazal); Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “skinners of” / “strippers of”; Notes: Violent predation, stripping others.
- עֹורָם (ʿoram) — Root: עור (ʿor); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their skin”; Notes: Object of brutal exploitation imagery.
- מֵעֲלֵיהֶם (me-ʿaleihem) — Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition מִן (reduced form מֵ) + preposition עַל + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “from off them”; Notes: Serves as a composite prepositional phrase indicating violent removal.
- וּשְׁאֵרָם (u-sheʾeram) — Root: שאר (shaʾar); Form: Conjunction וּ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and their flesh”; Notes: Continuation of the harsh predatory metaphor.
- מֵעַל (me-ʿal) — Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition מִן (reduced form מֵ) + preposition עַל; Translation: “from off”; Notes: Same combined preposition used earlier indicating ripping away.
- עַצְמֹותָם (ʿatsmotam) — Root: עצם (ʿetsem); Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their bones”; Notes: Ends the verse with vivid imagery of total exploitation.