Micah 4:3

וְשָׁפַ֗ט בֵּ֚ין עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים וְהֹוכִ֛יחַ לְגֹויִ֥ם עֲצֻמִ֖ים עַד־רָחֹ֑וק וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבֹתֵיהֶ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵרֹ֔ות לֹֽא־יִשְׂא֞וּ גֹּ֤וי אֶל־גֹּוי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹא־יִלְמְד֥וּן עֹ֖וד מִלְחָמָֽה׃

And He shall judge between many peoples and shall decide for mighty nations far away and they shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks nation shall not lift up sword against nation and they shall not learn war any more.

Morphology

1. וְשָׁפַט (ve-shafat) — Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and He shall judge”; Notes: Describes divine arbitration among nations.
2. בֵּין (bein) — Root: בין (bein); Form: Preposition; Translation: “between”; Notes: Marks adjudication among multiple parties.
3. עַמִּים (ʿammim) — Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “peoples”; Notes: Non-Israelite nations.
4. רַבִּים (rabbim) — Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “many”; Notes: Emphasizes widespread participation.
5. וְהֹוכִיחַ (ve-hokhiyaḥ) — Root: יכח (yakhakh); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and He shall decide / arbitrate”; Notes: Hifil expresses decisive authoritative ruling.
6. לְגֹּויִם (le-goyim) — Root: גוי (goy); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “for nations”; Notes: Objects of divine instruction and correction.
7. עֲצֻמִים (ʿatsumim) — Root: עצם (ʿatsam); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “mighty”; Notes: Refers to powerful nations.
8. עַד־רָחֹוק (ʿad-raḥoq) — Root: רחוק (raḥoq); Form: Preposition עַד + adjective masculine singular; Translation: “far away”; Notes: Extends the reach of divine judgment globally.
9. וְכִתְּתוּ (ve-kittetu) — Root: כתת (katat); Form: Conjunction וְ + Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they shall beat”; Notes: Piel intensifies the action—forceful reshaping of weapons.
10. חַרְבֹתֵיהֶם (ḥarboteihem) — Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Noun feminine plural construct + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their swords”; Notes: Instruments of war transformed for peace.
11. לְאִתִּים (le-ittim) — Root: את (ʾet, agricultural implement); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “into plowshares”; Notes: Farming tools replacing weapons.
12. וַחֲנִיתֹתֵיהֶם (va-ḥaniteteihem) — Root: חנית (ḥanit); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine plural construct + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and their spears”; Notes: Another weapon transformed.
13. לְמַזְמֵרֹות (le-mazmerot) — Root: זמר (zamar); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine plural; Translation: “into pruning hooks”; Notes: Tools for cultivation and growth.
14. לֹא (lo) — Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Strong prohibition/negation.
15. יִשְׂאוּ (yisʾu) — Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “shall lift up / raise”; Notes: Often used of raising weapons.
16. גֹּוי (goy) — Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “nation”; Notes: Subject of the negated action.
17. אֶל־גֹּוי (el-goy) — Root: גוי (goy); Form: Preposition אֶל + noun masculine singular; Translation: “against nation”; Notes: Expresses hostile direction.
18. חֶרֶב (ḥerev) — Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a sword”; Notes: Symbol of warfare.
19. וְלֹא (ve-lo) — Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Continues the negation in parallel line.
20. יִלְמְדוּן (yilmdún) — Root: למד (lamad); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “shall they learn”; Notes: Learning warfare becomes obsolete.
21. עֹוד (ʿod) — Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “any more”; Notes: Marks the end of warfare permanently.
22. מִלְחָמָה (milḥamah) — Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “war”; Notes: The activity that will cease completely.