הֹ֗וי יֹֽשְׁבֵ֛י חֶ֥בֶל הַיָּ֖ם גֹּ֣וי כְּרֵתִ֑ים דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה עֲלֵיכֶ֗ם כְּנַ֨עַן֙ אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְהַאֲבַדְתִּ֖יךְ מֵאֵ֥ין יֹושֵֽׁב׃
Hōy dwellers of the region of the sea nation of Keretim the word of YHWH is against you Kenaʿan land of Pelishtim and I will destroy you so that there be no inhabitant.
Morphology
- הֹוי (hoy) – Root: הוי (hoy); Form: Interjection; Translation: “Hōy”; Notes: A cry of warning or lament, often used in prophetic judgment oracles.
- יֹשְׁבֵי (yoshevei) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “dwellers of”; Notes: Construct form linking to the following noun “region.”
- חֶבֶל (ḥevel) – Root: חבל (ḥaval); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “region”; Notes: Often means “territory” or “tract (of land).”
- הַיָּם (ha-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the sea”; Notes: Refers to the coastal region along the Mediterranean.
- גֹּוי (goy) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “nation”; Notes: Here not Yisraʾel but a foreign nation identified with the Keretim.
- כְּרֵתִים (Keretim) – Root: כרתי (Kereti); Form: Proper noun masculine plural; Translation: “Keretim”; Notes: A group associated with the Pelishtim, likely Cretans or Aegean peoples.
- דְּבַר־ (devar) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “the word of”; Notes: Construct form linking with YHWH.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name, subject of the prophetic declaration.
- עֲלֵיכֶם (ʿaleikhem) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “against you”; Notes: Pronounces judgment upon the Keretim.
- כְּנַעַן (Kenaʿan) – Root: כנע (kanaʿ); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Kenaʿan”; Notes: Used here as a title for the coastal territory; scholarly transliteration required.
- אֶרֶץ (ʾerets) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “land”; Notes: Apposition to Kenaʿan, specifying the coastal territory.
- פְּלִשְׁתִּים (Pelishtim) – Root: פלשׁת (Pelishet); Form: Proper noun masculine plural; Translation: “Pelishtim”; Notes: Refers to the Philistine people in scholarly transliteration.
- וְהַאֲבַדְתִּיךְ (ve-haʾavadetikh) – Root: אבד (ʾavad); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hifil perfect 1st person singular + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “and I will destroy you”; Notes: Feminine suffix refers to the land/region, treated grammatically as feminine.
- מֵאֵין (meʾein) – Root: אין (ʾayin); Form: Preposition מִן + particle; Translation: “from there being no”; Notes: Expression indicating absolute emptiness or lack.
- יֹושֵׁב (yoshev) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “inhabitant”; Notes: Conveys the sense that no one will remain living in the land.