נֹורָ֤א יְהוָה֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י רָזָ֔ה אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיִשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־לֹו֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִמְּקֹומֹ֔ו כֹּ֖ל אִיֵּ֥י הַגֹּויִֽם׃
Awesome is YHWH over them, for He has made lean all the gods of the earth, and they shall bow to Him—each man from his place—all the coastlands of the nations.
Morphology
- נֹורָא (nora) – Root: ירא (yara); Form: Nifal participle masculine singular; Translation: “awesome”; Notes: Describes YHWH’s awe-inspiring, fear-evoking power.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the declaration.
- עֲלֵיהֶם (ʿaleihem) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 3mp; Translation: “over them”; Notes: Expresses YHWH’s sovereignty over the nations.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for His being “awesome over them.”
- רָזָה (razah) – Root: רזה (razah); Form: Qal perfect 3fs; Translation: “He has made lean”; Notes: Feminine verb form likely taking אֱלֹהֵי as collective; denotes impoverishing or weakening.
- אֵת (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “—”; Notes: Marks the following phrase as the direct object.
- כָּל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all of”; Notes: Governs the following noun in construct.
- אֱלֹהֵי (ʾelohei) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “the gods of”; Notes: Refers to foreign deities, powerless before YHWH.
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Denotes all nations and lands.
- וְיִשְׁתַּחֲווּ (ve-yishtachavu) – Root: שׁחה (shachah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hishtaphel imperfect 3mp; Translation: “and they shall bow”; Notes: Reflexive/humble posture of worship directed toward YHWH.
- לֹו (lo) – Root: ל־ + הוא (l- + hu); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 3ms; Translation: “to Him”; Notes: Marks YHWH as the sole object of universal worship.
- אִישׁ (ish) – Root: אישׁ (ish); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “each man”; Notes: Emphasizes individual participation in worship.
- מִמְּקֹומֹו (mi-mekomо) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “from his place”; Notes: Suggests worship from every geographical location.
- כֹּל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all of”; Notes: Introduces totality.
- אִיֵּי (iyyei) – Root: אי (i); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “the coastlands of”; Notes: Often refers to distant maritime regions.
- הַגֹּויִם (ha-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the nations”; Notes: Highlights universal scope of YHWH’s worship.