וְרָבְצ֨וּ בְתֹוכָ֤הּ עֲדָרִים֙ כָּל־חַיְתֹו־גֹ֔וי גַּם־קָאַת֙ גַּם־קִפֹּ֔ד בְּכַפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָ יָלִ֑ינוּ קֹ֠ול יְשֹׁורֵ֤ר בַּֽחַלֹּון֙ חֹ֣רֶב בַּסַּ֔ף כִּ֥י אַרְזָ֖ה עֵרָֽה׃
And herds shall lie down in her midst, every beast of a nation; both qāʾat and qippod in her capitals shall lodge; a voice shall sing in the window, desolation on the sill, for the cedar work is uncovered.
Morphology
- וְרָבְצוּ (ve-ravtsu) – Root: רבץ (ravats); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3cp; Translation: “And they shall lie down”; Notes: Depicts animals inhabiting the ruined city.
- בְּתֹוכָהּ (be-tokhah) – Root: תוך (tokh); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3fs; Translation: “in her midst”; Notes: Refers to the interior of the devastated city.
- עֲדָרִים (adarim) – Root: עדר (adar); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “herds”; Notes: Domesticated or wild animals populating abandoned ruins.
- כָּל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “every”; Notes: Governs the phrase describing types of animals.
- חַיְתֹו (ḥayto) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + suffix 3ms; Translation: “beast of”; Notes: Refers to an animal belonging to or characteristic of a nation.
- גּוֹי (goy) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a nation”; Notes: Possibly referring to wild fauna from distant regions.
- גַּם (gam) – Root: גם (gam); Form: Adverb; Translation: “also / both”; Notes: Used here to introduce additional species.
- קָאַת (qaʾat) – Root: קאת (qaʾat); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “qāʾat”; Notes: A type of waterbird or desert bird dwelling in ruins.
- גַּם (gam) – Root: גם (gam); Form: Adverb; Translation: “also”; Notes: Emphasizes adding another species.
- קִפֹּד (qippod) – Root: קפד (qafad); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “qippod”; Notes: Possibly hedgehog or desert creature inhabiting ruins.
- בְּכַפְתֹּרֶיהָ (be-kaftoreha) – Root: כפתר (kaftor); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural + suffix 3fs; Translation: “in her capitals”; Notes: Architectural capitals of pillars—now nesting places for creatures.
- יָלִינוּ (yalinu) – Root: לון (lun); Form: Qal imperfect 3cp; Translation: “they shall lodge”; Notes: Describes birds or small creatures finding refuge.
- קֹול (qol) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a voice”; Notes: Possibly bird-song or eerie ruin-sound.
- יְשֹׁורֵר (yeshorrer) – Root: שור (shur); Form: Piel imperfect 3ms; Translation: “shall sing”; Notes: Intensive form—vibrant or piercing sound from the window.
- בַּחַלֹּון (ba-ḥallon) – Root: חלן (ḥallan); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the window”; Notes: Describes where the sound emanates from.
- חֹרֶב (ḥorev) – Root: חרב (ḥarav); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “desolation”; Notes: Indicates dryness, ruin, or devastation.
- בַּסַּף (ba-saf) – Root: סף (saf); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “on the sill”; Notes: Architectural element now associated with ruin.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the explanation for the desolation.
- אַרְזָה (arzah) – Root: ארז (erez); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “cedar-work”; Notes: Refers to cedar paneling or ornamentation of buildings.
- עֵרָה (ʿerah) – Root: ערה (ʿarah); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “is uncovered / laid bare”; Notes: Depicts collapse or exposure of former grandeur.