וַיָּ֣עַר יְהוָ֡ה אֶת־רוּחַ֩ זְרֻבָּבֶ֨ל בֶּן־שַׁלְתִּיאֵ֜ל פַּחַ֣ת יְהוּדָ֗ה וְאֶת־ר֨וּחַ֙ יְהֹושֻׁ֤עַ בֶּן־יְהֹוצָדָק֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּדֹ֔ול וְֽאֶת־ר֔וּחַ כֹּ֖ל שְׁאֵרִ֣ית הָעָ֑ם וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ מְלָאכָ֔ה בְּבֵית־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֹ֖ות אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ פ
And YHWH stirred the spirit of Zerubbavel son of Sheʾaltiel, governor of Yehuda, and the spirit of Yehoshua son of Yehotsadaq the High Priest, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people; and they came and they did work in the house of YHWH of Hosts, their God.
Morphology
- וַיָּעַר (va-yaʿar) – Root: ערה (ʿarah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3ms; Translation: “And He stirred”; Notes: Describes YHWH’s direct action of awakening motivation.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Divine proper name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the divine stirring.
- אֶת (et) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: (untranslated); Notes: Marks the following noun as the direct object.
- רוּחַ (ruaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “spirit”; Notes: Refers to will, inner resolve, or motivation.
- זְרֻבָּבֶל (Zerubbavel) – Root: רבל (r-b-l, debated); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Zerubbavel”; Notes: Persian-period governor.
- בֶּן (ben) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “son of”; Notes: Traditional lineage marker.
- שַׁלְתִּיאֵל (Sheʾaltiel) – Root: שׁאל (shaʾal); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Sheʾaltiel”; Notes: Name meaning “I have asked of God.”
- פַּחַת (paḥat) – Root: פחת (paḥat); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “governor”; Notes: Persian administrative title.
- יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) – Root: ידה (yadah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Province of Judah during Persian rule.
- וְאֶת (ve-et) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Conjunction + direct object marker; Translation: “and”; Notes: Introduces another direct object of the verb “stirred.”
- רוּחַ (ruaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “spirit”; Notes: Repeated for parallelism.
- יְהֹושֻׁעַ (Yehoshua) – Root: ישע (yashaʿ); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehoshua”; Notes: High Priest of the return period.
- בֶּן (ben) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “son of”; Notes: Lineage marker again.
- יְהֹוצָדָק (Yehotsadaq) – Root: צדק (tsadaq); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehotsadaq”; Notes: Name meaning “YHWH is righteous.”
- הַכֹּהֵן (ha-kohen) – Root: כהן (kohen); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the priest”; Notes: His office title.
- הַגָּדֹול (ha-gadol) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Definite adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the great / the high”; Notes: Denotes High Priest.
- וְאֶת (ve-et) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Conjunction + direct object marker; Translation: “and”; Notes: Introduces a third direct object.
- רוּחַ (ruaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “spirit”; Notes: Extends divine stirring to the whole community.
- כֹּל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all of”; Notes: Inclusive totality.
- שְׁאֵרִית (sheʾerit) – Root: שׁאר (shaʾar); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “remnant”; Notes: Refers to the preserved community after exile.
- הָעָם (ha-ʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Definite noun masculine singular collective; Translation: “the people”; Notes: Post-exilic community.
- וַיָּבֹאוּ (va-yavoʾu) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3mp; Translation: “and they came”; Notes: Marks decisive communal action.
- וַיַּעֲשׂוּ (va-yaʿasu) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3mp; Translation: “and they did / made”; Notes: Describes actual beginning of Temple labor.
- מְלָאכָה (melakhah) – Root: לאך (laʾakh, traditional מלאכה); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “work”; Notes: Refers specifically to temple construction activity.
- בְּבֵית (be-veit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “in the house of”; Notes: Constructs with the divine name.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Divine proper name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Temple belongs to YHWH.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “of Hosts”; Notes: Divine military title.
- אֱלֹהֵיהֶם (Elohehem) – Root: אלה (ʾlh); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 3mp; Translation: “their God”; Notes: Closes with covenantal identity.