בַּיֹּ֣ום הַה֗וּא נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֔ות תִּקְרְא֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ אֶל־תַּ֥חַת גֶּ֖פֶן וְאֶל־תַּ֥חַת תְּאֵנָֽה׃
In that day,’ declares YHWH of Hosts, ‘you will call a man to his companion to beneath a vine and to beneath a fig tree.’”
Morphology
- בַּיֹּום (ba-yom) — Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day”; Notes: Establishes the prophetic time frame.
- הַהוּא (ha-hu) — Root: הוא (hu); Form: Demonstrative masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Points to a specific eschatological day.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) — Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “utterance”; Notes: A formal prophetic proclamation formula.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) — Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “of YHWH”; Notes: Speaker of the proclamation.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) — Root: צבא (tsava); Form: Noun masculine plural in construct; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Highlights YHWH’s authority over heavenly armies.
- תִּקְרְאוּ (tikreʾu) — Root: קרא (qara); Form: Qal imperfect 2mp; Translation: “you will call”; Notes: Describes communal invitation in the restored future.
- אִישׁ (ish) — Root: אישׁ (ish); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a man”; Notes: Each individual participates in mutual fellowship.
- לְרֵעֵהוּ (le-reʿehu) — Root: רעע (reʿa); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular construct + suffix 3ms; Translation: “to his companion”; Notes: Indicates renewed social harmony.
- אֶל־תַּחַת (el-taḥat) — Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Preposition אֶל + preposition functioning as noun; Translation: “to beneath”; Notes: Expresses movement toward a shared place of rest.
- גֶּפֶן (gefen) — Root: גפן (gefen); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a vine”; Notes: Symbol of peace and prosperity.
- וְאֶל־תַּחַת (ve-el-taḥat) — Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Conjunction + preposition אֶל + preposition functioning as noun; Translation: “and to beneath”; Notes: Parallel phrase reinforcing imagery.
- תְּאֵנָה (teʾenah) — Root: תאנ (teʾenah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a fig tree”; Notes: Fig trees commonly symbolize security and settled life.