הֲלֹ֣וא אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָרָ֤א יְהוָה֙ בְּיַד֙ הַנְּבִיאִ֣ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֔ים בִּהְיֹ֤ות יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יֹשֶׁ֣בֶת וּשְׁלֵוָ֔ה וְעָרֶ֖יהָ סְבִיבֹתֶ֑יהָ וְהַנֶּ֥גֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה יֹשֵֽׁב׃ פ
Is it not the words which YHWH called by the hand of the former prophets, when Yerushalayim was sitting and at ease, and her cities around her, and the Negev and the Shefela were inhabited.’”
Morphology
- הֲלֹוא (halo) – Root: —; Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “is it not”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question expecting affirmation.
- אֶת (et) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks the direct object of the clause.
- הַדְּבָרִים (ha-devarim) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the words”; Notes: Refers to prophetic messages previously spoken.
- אֲשֶׁר (asher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Connects the words to their divine source.
- קָרָא (kara) – Root: קרא (karaʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he called”; Notes: Refers to YHWH proclaiming the prophetic message.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the verb “called.”
- בְּיַד (be-yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “by the hand of”; Notes: Idiom meaning “through the agency of.”
- הַנְּבִיאִים (ha-neviʾim) – Root: נבא (navaʾ); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the prophets”; Notes: The mediators of the divine message.
- הָרִאשֹׁנִים (ha-rishonim) – Root: ראשׁ (rosh); Form: Definite adjective masculine plural; Translation: “the former”; Notes: Denotes prophets active before the exile.
- בִּהְיֹות (bi-hyot) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Preposition בְּ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “when was”; Notes: Introduces the temporal setting.
- יְרוּשָׁלִַם (Yerushalayim) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: Central city of Judah.
- יֹשֶׁבֶת (yoshevet) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle feminine singular; Translation: “sitting”; Notes: Describes her settled condition.
- וּשְׁלֵוָה (u-sheleva) – Root: שלו (shalah); Form: Conjunction + adjective feminine singular; Translation: “and at ease”; Notes: Indicates prosperity and tranquility.
- וְעָרֶיהָ (ve-areha) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine plural + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and her cities”; Notes: Refers to the towns under Yerushalayim’s influence.
- סְבִיבֹתֶיהָ (sevivoteha) – Root: סבב (savav); Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “around her”; Notes: Geographical description.
- וְהַנֶּגֶב (ve-ha-negev) – Root: נגב (negev); Form: Conjunction + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the Negev”; Notes: Southern region of Judah.
- וְהַשְּׁפֵלָה (ve-ha-shefela) – Root: שׁפל (shafal); Form: Conjunction + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the Shefelah”; Notes: Lowland region of Judah.
- יֹשֵׁב (yoshev) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “was inhabited”; Notes: Describes the regions as populated.
- פ (pe) – Root: —; Form: Section marker; Translation: —; Notes: Masoretic parashah break.