כִּ֠י לֹ֣א אֶחְמֹ֥ול עֹ֛וד עַל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י מַמְצִ֣יא אֶת־הָאָדָ֗ם אִ֤ישׁ בְּיַד־רֵעֵ֨הוּ֙ וּבְיַ֣ד מַלְכֹּ֔ו וְכִתְּתוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹ֥א אַצִּ֖יל מִיָּדָֽם׃
For I will no longer spare those dwelling in the land,” declares YHWH. “And behold, I am causing the human to be delivered, each one into the hand of his companion and into the hand of his king, and they will crush the land, and I will not rescue from their hand.”
Morphology
- כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the announced judgment.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: —; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the verb that follows.
- אֶחְמֹול (ʾeḥmol) – Root: חמל (ḥamal); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I will spare”; Notes: Verb of pity or compassion, here explicitly withdrawn.
- עֹוד (ʿod) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “any longer”; Notes: Indicates cessation of a former pattern of mercy.
- עַל־יֹשְׁבֵי (ʿal-yoshvei) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Preposition עַל + Qal active participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “over those dwelling”; Notes: Describes the population characterized by settled residence.
- הָאָ֖רֶץ (ha-ʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾarets); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the inhabited territory under judgment.
- נְאֻם־יְהוָה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + proper divine name; Translation: “utterance of YHWH”; Notes: Formal prophetic seal affirming divine authority.
- וְהִנֵּה (ve-hinneh) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + deictic particle; Translation: “and behold”; Notes: Draws attention to the action about to be described.
- אָנֹכִי (ʾanokhi) – Root: —; Form: Independent personal pronoun 1st person common singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphatic self-reference by YHWH.
- מַמְצִיא (mamtsiʾ) – Root: מצא (matsaʾ); Form: Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “causing to be delivered”; Notes: Causative sense indicating deliberate handing over.
- אֶת־הָאָדָם (ʾet-ha-ʾadam) – Root: אדם (ʾadam); Form: Direct object marker אֶת + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the human”; Notes: Collective sense referring to the people as a whole.
- אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “each one”; Notes: Distributive use emphasizing individual exposure.
- בְּיַד־רֵעֵהוּ (be-yad-reʿehu) – Root: יד (yad), רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct + noun masculine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “into the hand of his companion”; Notes: Mutual violence within society is implied.
- וּבְיַד (u-ve-yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and into the hand”; Notes: Continues the handing-over motif.
- מַלְכֹּו (malko) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Noun masculine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his king”; Notes: Represents oppressive political authority.
- וְכִתְּתוּ (ve-khittetu) – Root: כתת (katat); Form: Conjunction וְ + Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they crushed”; Notes: Intensive verb depicting violent devastation.
- אֶת־הָאָרֶץ (ʾet-ha-ʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾarets); Form: Direct object marker אֶת + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: The territory itself suffers the consequences.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Introduces a final denial of deliverance.
- אַצִּיל (ʾatsil) – Root: נצל (natsal); Form: Hifil imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I will rescue”; Notes: Causative verb of deliverance explicitly withheld.
- מִיָּדָם (mi-yadam) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition מִן + noun feminine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “from their hand”; Notes: Concludes with total abandonment to oppressors.