מַשָּׂ֥א דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה נֹטֶ֤ה שָׁמַ֨יִם֙ וְיֹסֵ֣ד אָ֔רֶץ וְיֹצֵ֥ר רֽוּחַ־אָדָ֖ם בְּקִרְבֹּֽו׃ פ
An oracle, the word of YHWH concerning Yisraʾel. The declaration of YHWH, who stretches out the heavens and founds the earth and forms the spirit of man within him.
Morphology
- מַשָּׂא (massa) – Root: נשא (nasa); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “oracle / burden”; Notes: Technical prophetic term introducing a weighty divine pronouncement.
- דְבַר־יְהוָה (devar-YHWH) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + proper name; Translation: “the word of YHWH”; Notes: Identifies the message as divinely originated.
- עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (ʿal-Yisraʾel) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + proper noun; Translation: “concerning Yisraʾel”; Notes: Indicates the subject and target of the oracle.
- נְאֻם־יְהוָה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + proper name; Translation: “declaration of YHWH”; Notes: Formal prophetic formula affirming divine authority.
- נֹטֶה (noteh) – Root: נטה (natah); Form: Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “stretching out”; Notes: Describes YHWH’s continual cosmic action.
- שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) – Root: שׁמים (shamayim); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “the heavens”; Notes: Refers to the cosmic expanse.
- וְיֹסֵד (ve-yosed) – Root: יסד (yasad); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “and founding”; Notes: Continues the description of divine creative power.
- אָרֶץ (ʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾarets); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: The inhabited world set in place by YHWH.
- וְיֹצֵר (ve-yotser) – Root: יצר (yatsar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “and forming”; Notes: Pottery imagery emphasizing intentional design.
- רוּחַ־אָדָם (ruaḥ-ʾadam) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + noun masculine singular; Translation: “the spirit of man”; Notes: Refers to the inner life or animating breath of humanity.
- בְּקִרְבֹּו (be-qirbo) – Root: קרב (qerev); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “within him”; Notes: Emphasizes YHWH’s formation of the inner being.