הִנֵּ֣ה אָ֠נֹכִי שָׂ֣ם אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֧ם סַף־רַ֛עַל לְכָל־הָעַמִּ֖ים סָבִ֑יב וְגַ֧ם עַל־יְהוּדָ֛ה יִֽהְיֶ֥ה בַמָּצֹ֖ור עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃
“Behold, I am setting Yerushalayim as a threshold of reeling for all the peoples all around, and also upon Yehuda it shall be in the siege against Yerushalayim.
Morphology
- הִנֵּה (hinneh) – Root: —; Form: Deictic particle; Translation: “Behold”; Notes: Introduces an emphatic divine announcement.
- אָנֹכִי (ʾanokhi) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person common singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Self-reference by YHWH.
- שָׂם (sam) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “setting”; Notes: Presents an imminent or determined action.
- אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַם (ʾet-Yerushalayim) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker אֶת + proper noun; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: The object of the divine action.
- סַף־רַעַל (saf-raʿal) – Root: סף (saf); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine singular; Translation: “a threshold of reeling”; Notes: Metaphor of intoxication and destabilization.
- לְכָל־הָעַמִּים (le-khol-ha-ʿammim) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural definite; Translation: “for all the peoples”; Notes: Indicates those affected by the judgment.
- סָבִיב (saviv) – Root: סבב (savav); Form: Adverb; Translation: “all around”; Notes: Emphasizes surrounding nations.
- וְגַם (ve-gam) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + adverb; Translation: “and also”; Notes: Adds an additional subject.
- עַל־יְהוּדָה (ʿal-Yehudah) – Root: —; Form: Preposition עַל + proper noun; Translation: “upon Yehudah”; Notes: Indicates inclusion of Yehudah in the events.
- יִהְיֶה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “it shall be”; Notes: Predictive statement.
- בַמָּצֹור (ba-matsor) – Root: מצר (matsor); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the siege”; Notes: Refers to military encirclement.
- עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַם (ʿal-Yerushalayim) – Root: —; Form: Preposition עַל + proper noun; Translation: “against Yerushalayim”; Notes: Specifies the focal point of the siege.