אַ֥שְֽׁרֵי־הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹ֥א הָלַךְ֮ בַּעֲצַ֪ת רְשָׁ֫עִ֥ים וּבְדֶ֣רֶךְ חַ֭טָּאִים לֹ֥א עָמָ֑ד וּבְמֹושַׁ֥ב לֵ֝צִ֗ים לֹ֣א יָשָֽׁב׃
Happy is the man who did not walk in the counsel of wicked ones, and in the way of sinners did not stand, and in the seat of scoffers did not sit.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | אַשְׁרֵי־ | ʾashrei | “happy/blessed of” | N(mp) construct |
| 2 | הָאִישׁ | ha-ʾish | “the man” | Def. N(ms) |
| 3 | אֲשֶׁר | ʾasher | “who/which” | Relative particle |
| 4 | לֹא | lo | “not” | Neg. particle |
| 5 | הָלַךְ | halakh | “he walked” | Qal perfect 3ms |
| 6 | בַּעֲצַת | ba-ʿatsat | “in the counsel of” | Prep בְּ + N(fs) construct |
| 7 | רְשָׁעִים | reshaʿim | “wicked ones” | N(mp) |
| 8 | וּבְדֶרֶךְ | u-ve-derekh | “and in way of” | Conj וְ + Prep בְּ + N(fs) |
| 9 | חַטָּאִים | ḥattaʾim | “sinners” | N(mp) |
| 10 | לֹא | lo | “not” | Neg. particle |
| 11 | עָמָד | ʿamad | “he stood” | Qal perfect 3ms |
| 12 | וּבְמֹושַׁב | u-ve-moshav | “and in seat of” | Conj וְ + Prep בְּ + N(ms) |
| 13 | לֵצִים | letsim | “scoffers” | N(mp) |
| 14 | לֹא | lo | “not” | Neg. particle |
| 15 | יָשָׁב | yashav | “he sat” | Qal perfect 3ms |
Morphology
- אַשְׁרֵי־ (ʾashrei) – Root: אשר (ʾ-sh-r); Form: Noun masculine plural construct used as exclamation; Translation: “Happy is”; Notes: An idiomatic plural of intensity expressing blessedness.
- הָאִישׁ (ha-ʾish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the man”; Notes: Generic singular representing the righteous individual.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾ-sh-r); Form: Relative particle; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces the defining clause.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- הָלַךְ (halakh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he walked”; Notes: Metaphor for lifestyle or conduct.
- בַּעֲצַת (ba-ʿatsat) – Root: עצה (ʿ-ts-h); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “in the counsel of”; Notes: Construct links to רְשָׁעִים.
- רְשָׁעִים (reshaʿim) – Root: רשע (r-sh-ʿ); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “wicked ones”; Notes: Describes morally guilty persons.
- וּבְדֶרֶךְ (u-ve-derekh) – Root: דרך (d-r-kh); Form: Conjunction וְ + Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and in the way of”; Notes: Parallel structure intensifies progression.
- חַטָּאִים (ḥattaʾim) – Root: חטא (ḥ-t-ʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “sinners”; Notes: Those characterized by sin.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the next verb.
- עָמָד (ʿamad) – Root: עמד (ʿ-m-d); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he stood”; Notes: Suggests taking one’s position.
- וּבְמֹושַׁב (u-ve-moshav) – Root: ישׁב (y-sh-v); Form: Conjunction וְ + Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and in the seat of”; Notes: Denotes settled association.
- לֵצִים (letsim) – Root: לץ (l-ts); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “scoffers”; Notes: Mockers who reject wisdom.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Third negation in poetic parallelism.
- יָשָׁב (yashav) – Root: ישׁב (y-sh-v); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he sat”; Notes: Final stage of progressive involvement.