Psalm 13:4 (Psalm 13:3)

הַבִּ֣יטָֽה עֲ֭נֵנִי יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑י הָאִ֥ירָה עֵ֝ינַ֗י פֶּן־אִישַׁ֥ן הַמָּֽוֶת׃

Look, answer me, YHWH my God; give light to my eyes, lest I sleep the death.

 

# Hebrew Transliteration Literal Gloss Morph Tag
1 הַבִּיטָה habbitah “look” Hiphil imperative 2ms
2 עֲנֵנִי ʿanenî “answer me” Qal imperative 2ms + suff 1cs
3 יְהוָה YHWH “YHWH” Proper noun
4 אֱלֹהָי Elojai “my God” Noun mp + suff 1cs
5 הָאִירָה haʾirah “give light” Hiphil imperative 2ms
6 עֵינַי ʿeinai “my eyes” Noun fd + suff 1cs
7 פֶּן pen “lest” Conjunction
8 אִישַׁן ʾishan “I sleep” Qal imperfect 1cs
9 הַמָּוֶת hamavet “the death” Def art הַ + N ms

 

Morphology

  1. הַבִּיטָה (habbitah) – Root: נבט (n-b-ṭ); Root Type: I-Nun; Binyan: Hiphil; Form: Imperative 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “look”; Notes: A direct plea asking YHWH to turn His attention toward the speaker.
  2. עֲנֵנִי (ʿanenî) – Root: ענה (ʿ-n-h); Root Type: III-He; Binyan: Qal; Form: Imperative 2nd person masculine singular + suffix 1cs; Translation: “answer me”; Notes: The suffix marks the psalmist as the object of the requested response.
  3. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hwh); Root Type: III-He; Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
  4. אֱלֹהָי (Elojai) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Root Type: I-Guttural; Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 1cs; Translation: “my God”; Notes: Personal address emphasizing covenant relationship.
  5. הָאִירָה (haʾirah) – Root: אור (ʾ-w-r); Root Type: I-Guttural; Binyan: Hiphil; Form: Imperative 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “give light”; Notes: The Hiphil expresses causing light or restoring vitality.
  6. עֵינַי (ʿeinai) – Root: עין (ʿ-y-n); Root Type: I-Guttural; Form: Noun feminine dual + suffix 1cs; Translation: “my eyes”; Notes: The dual form reflects the natural pair of eyes.
  7. פֶּן (pen) – Root: —; Root Type: Particle; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “lest”; Notes: Introduces a negative consequence to be avoided.
  8. אִישַׁן (ʾishan) – Root: ישׁן (y-sh-n); Root Type: I-Yod; Binyan: Qal; Form: Imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I sleep”; Notes: In poetic language “sleep” is a metaphor for death.
  9. הַמָּוֶת (hamavet) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Root Type: Hollow (II-Waw); Form: Definite article הַ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “the death”; Notes: Refers to mortal death as the feared outcome.

 

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