Psalm 12:9 (Psalm 12:8)

סָבִ֗יב רְשָׁעִ֥ים יִתְהַלָּכ֑וּן כְּרֻ֥ם זֻ֝לּ֗וּת לִבְנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃

Around, wicked ones walk about, as vileness is exalted among the sons of ʾAdam.

 

# Hebrew Transliteration Literal Gloss Morph Tag
1 סָבִיב saviv “around” Adverb
2 רְשָׁעִים reshaʿim “wicked ones” N mp
3 יִתְהַלָּכוּן yithallakhun “they walk about” Hitpael imperfect 3mp
4 כְּרֻם kerum “as being exalted” Prep כְּ + Qal infinitive construct
5 זֻלּוּת zullut “vileness” N fs
6 לִבְנֵי livnei “among the sons of” Prep לְ + N mp construct
7 אָדָם ʾadam “ʾAdam” N ms

 

Morphology

  1. סָבִיב (saviv) – Root: סבב (savav); Root Type: Geminate; Form: Adverb; Translation: “around”; Notes: Functions adverbially, describing the pervasive surrounding movement of the wicked.
  2. רְשָׁעִים (reshaʿim) – Root: רשע (rashaʿ); Root Type: III-Guttural (ע); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “wicked ones”; Notes: Refers to morally corrupt people who dominate the social landscape.
  3. יִתְהַלָּכוּן (yithallakhun) – Root: הלך (halakh); Root Type: I-He (weak); Binyan: Hitpael; Form: Imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they walk about”; Notes: The Hitpael gives an iterative or reflexive nuance of moving about freely or roaming.
  4. כְּרֻם (kerum) – Root: רום (rum); Root Type: Hollow (II-Waw); Binyan: Qal; Form: Preposition כְּ + infinitive construct; Translation: “as being exalted”; Notes: The prefix כְּ introduces the circumstance or comparison under which the wicked roam.
  5. זֻלּוּת (zullut) – Root: זלל (zalal); Root Type: Geminate; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “vileness”; Notes: Denotes moral worthlessness, baseness, or what is held in contempt yet publicly elevated.
  6. לִבְנֵי (livnei) – Root: בן (ben); Root Type: III-Nun (weak); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural construct (state: construct); Translation: “among the sons of”; Notes: The prefix לְ here marks relation or sphere, and the construct form links directly to the following noun.
  7. אָדָם (ʾadam) – Root: אדם (ʾadam); Root Type: I-Guttural (א); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “ʾAdam”; Notes: Here it functions collectively, so the phrase refers broadly to humankind.

 

This entry was posted in Psalms. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.