אַֽל־֭תִּתְּנֵנִי בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ צָרָ֑י כִּ֥י קָֽמוּ־בִ֥י עֵֽדֵי־֝שֶׁ֗קֶר וִיפֵ֥חַ חָמָֽס׃
Do not give me over to the desire of my adversaries, for false witnesses have risen against me, and one who breathes violence.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | אַל־ | ʾal | “do not” | Negative particle |
| 2 | תִּתְּנֵנִי | titteneni | “You give me” | Qal imperfect 2ms + suffix 1cs (jussive) |
| 3 | בְּנֶפֶשׁ | be-nefesh | “to the desire / soul” | Prep בְ + noun fs |
| 4 | צָרָי | tsarai | “my adversaries” | N(mp) + suffix 1cs |
| 5 | כִּי | ki | “for” | Conjunction |
| 6 | קָמוּ־ | qamu | “they have risen” | Qal perfect 3mp |
| 7 | בִי | bi | “against me” | Prep בְ + suffix 1cs |
| 8 | עֵדֵי־ | ʿedei | “witnesses of” | N(mp construct) |
| 9 | שֶׁקֶר | sheqer | “falsehood” | N(ms) |
| 10 | וִיפֵחַ | vi-feaḥ | “and one breathing” | Conj וְ + Qal participle ms |
| 11 | חָמָס | ḥamas | “violence” | N(ms) |
Morphology
- אַל־ (ʾal) – Root: N/A; Root Type: N/A; Form: Negative particle used with jussive; Translation: “do not”; Notes: Introduces prohibition.
- תִּתְּנֵנִי (titteneni) – Root: נתן (natan); Root Type: I-Nun; Binyan: Qal; Form: Imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + suffix 1st person common singular (jussive nuance); Translation: “You give me”; Notes: Plea not to be handed over.
- בְּנֶפֶשׁ (be-nefesh) – Root: נפשׁ (nefesh); Root Type: III-Shin; Form: Preposition בְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “to the desire / soul”; Notes: Indicates control or desire of enemies.
- צָרָי (tsarai) – Root: צרר (tsarar); Root Type: Geminate; Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “my adversaries”; Notes: Those who oppress or oppose.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: N/A; Root Type: N/A; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces reason.
- קָמוּ־ (qamu) – Root: קום (qum); Root Type: Hollow; Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have risen”; Notes: Indicates hostile action.
- בִי (bi) – Root: N/A; Root Type: Prepositional; Form: Preposition בְ + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “against me”; Notes: Marks opposition.
- עֵדֵי־ (ʿedei) – Root: עוד (ʿud); Root Type: Hollow; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “witnesses of”; Notes: Legal terminology.
- שֶׁקֶר (sheqer) – Root: שׁקר (shaqer); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “falsehood”; Notes: Describes deceitful testimony.
- וִיפֵחַ (vi-feaḥ) – Root: פוח (puach); Root Type: Hollow; Binyan: Qal; Form: Conjunction וְ + participle masculine singular; Translation: “and one breathing”; Notes: Depicts continuous action.
- חָמָס (ḥamas) – Root: חמס (ḥamas); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “violence”; Notes: Characterizes malicious intent.