וְאַתָּ֤ה יְהוָֽה־אֱלֹהִ֥ים צְבָאֹ֡ות אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הָקִ֗יצָה לִפְקֹ֥ד כָּֽל־הַגֹּויִ֑ם אַל־תָּחֹ֨ן כָּל־בֹּ֖גְדֵי אָ֣וֶן סֶֽלָה׃
And you, YHWH God of Hosts, God of Yisraʾel, awake to punish all the nations, do not show favor to all the treacherous of iniquity. Sela.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וְאַתָּה | ve-ʾattah | “and you” | Conj + Pron 2ms |
| 2 | יְהוָה־אֱלֹהִים | YHWH-ʾelohim | “YHWH God” | Proper noun + N(ms) |
| 3 | צְבָאֹות | tsevaʾot | “of hosts” | N(mp) |
| 4 | אֱלֹהֵי | ʾelohe | “God of” | N(ms) constr |
| 5 | יִשְׂרָאֵל | Yisraʾel | “Yisraʾel” | Proper noun |
| 6 | הָקִיצָה | haqitsah | “awake” | Hiphil impv 2ms |
| 7 | לִפְקֹד | lifqod | “to punish” | Prep לְ + Qal inf cstr |
| 8 | כָּל־הַגֹּויִם | kol-ha-goyim | “all the nations” | N(ms) + Def. N(mp) |
| 9 | אַל־תָּחֹן | ʾal-taḥon | “do not show favor” | Neg + Qal juss 2ms |
| 10 | כָּל־בֹּגְדֵי | kol-bogde | “all treacherous of” | N(ms) + ptcp mp constr |
| 11 | אָוֶן | ʾaven | “iniquity” | N(ms) |
| 12 | סֶלָה | selah | “Selah” | Particle |
Morphology
- וְאַתָּה (ve-ʾattah) – Root: Pronoun; Root Type: Invariable; Form: Conjunction וְ + independent pronoun 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “And you”; Notes: Direct address shifting focus to YHWH.
- יְהוָה־אֱלֹהִים (YHWH-ʾelohim) – Root: Proper noun + אלה; Root Type: Invariable + I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Proper noun YHWH + noun masculine plural used as singular; Translation: “YHWH God”; Notes: Combines the divine name with the general title for God.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (ṣ-b-ʾ); Root Type: III-Aleph (weak); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “hosts”; Notes: Refers to heavenly armies or forces under divine command.
- אֱלֹהֵי (ʾelohe) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Noun masculine plural construct (state: construct); Translation: “God of”; Notes: Establishes relationship with the following proper noun.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: Proper noun; Root Type: Strong; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The covenant people associated with YHWH.
- הָקִיצָה (haqitsah) – Root: קוץ (q-w-ṣ); Root Type: Hollow (weak); Binyan: Hiphil; Form: Hiphil imperative 2nd person masculine singular with paragogic ה; Translation: “awake”; Notes: Urgent call for divine action.
- לִפְקֹד (lifqod) – Root: פקד (p-q-d); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Qal; Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to punish”; Notes: Can denote visitation, inspection, or punishment depending on context.
- כָּל־הַגֹּויִם (kol-ha-goyim) – Root: כל, גוי; Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine singular “all” + definite article הַ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “all the nations”; Notes: Universal scope of divine judgment.
- אַל־תָּחֹן (ʾal-taḥon) – Root: חנן (ḥ-n-n); Root Type: Geminate (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Negative particle אַל + Qal jussive 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “do not show favor”; Notes: Plea for withholding mercy from the wicked.
- כָּל־בֹּגְדֵי (kol-bogde) – Root: בגד (b-g-d); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Qal; Form: Noun masculine singular “all” + Qal participle masculine plural construct (state: construct); Translation: “all the treacherous of”; Notes: Refers to those who act deceitfully or betray.
- אָוֶן (ʾaven) – Root: און (ʾ-w-n); Root Type: Hollow (weak); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “iniquity”; Notes: Denotes moral evil or wickedness.
- סֶלָה (selah) – Root: Particle; Root Type: Invariable; Form: Liturgical or musical term; Translation: “Selah”; Notes: Possibly indicates a pause or musical interlude.