הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֡ פֶּן־יִהְיֶ֣ה דָבָר֩ עִם־לְבָבְךָ֨ בְלִיַּ֜עַל לֵאמֹ֗ר קָֽרְבָ֣ה שְׁנַֽת־הַשֶּׁבַע֮ שְׁנַ֣ת הַשְּׁמִטָּה֒ וְרָעָ֣ה עֵֽינְךָ֗ בְּאָחִ֨יךָ֙ הָֽאֶבְיֹ֔ון וְלֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן לֹ֑ו וְקָרָ֤א עָלֶ֨יךָ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃
Take care lest there be an unworthy thought in your heart, saying, “The seventh year, the year of release, is near,” and your eye look grudgingly on your poor brother, and you give him nothing, and he cries to YHWH against you, and you be guilty of sin.
Morphology
- הִשָּׁ֣מֶר (hishamer) – Root: שמר; Form: verb, Nifal imperative, second person masculine singular; Translation: “Take care”; Notes: A warning to guard oneself or be vigilant.
- לְךָ֡ (lekha) – Root: ל; Form: preposition with second person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “for yourself”; Notes: Indicates personal responsibility.
- פֶּן־יִהְיֶ֣ה (pen-yihyeh) – Root: היה; Form: conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “lest there be”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause expressing caution.
- דָבָר֩ (davar) – Root: דבר; Form: noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a thought” or “a matter”; Notes: Here refers to an internal inclination or idea.
- עִם־לְבָבְךָ֨ (im-levavkha) – Root: לבב; Form: preposition + noun, masculine singular construct with second person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in your heart”; Notes: Refers to one’s inner thoughts or feelings.
- בְלִיַּ֜עַל (beliya‘al) – Root: בלי + יעל; Form: noun, masculine singular; Translation: “unworthy” or “wicked”; Notes: Denotes something worthless or base.
- לֵאמֹ֗ר (lemor) – Root: אמר; Form: infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces a quoted thought.
- קָֽרְבָ֣ה (qarvah) – Root: קרב; Form: verb, Qal perfect, third person feminine singular; Translation: “is near”; Notes: Refers to the approach of the seventh year.
- שְׁנַֽת־הַשֶּׁבַע֮ (shnat-hasheva) – Root: שבע; Form: noun, feminine singular construct + definite article; Translation: “the seventh year”; Notes: Refers to the sabbatical year.
- וְרָעָ֣ה (vera‘ah) – Root: רעע; Form: verb, Qal perfect, third person feminine singular; Translation: “and it looks grudgingly”; Notes: Conveys a negative or begrudging attitude.
- עֵֽינְךָ֗ (‘enekha) – Root: עין; Form: noun, feminine singular construct with second person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your eye”; Notes: Symbolic of attitude or perspective.
- בְּאָחִ֨יךָ֙ (be’akhikha) – Root: אח; Form: noun, masculine singular construct with second person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “on your brother”; Notes: Refers to one’s fellow Israelite.
- הָֽאֶבְיֹ֔ון (ha’evyon) – Root: אבי; Form: noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “the poor”; Notes: Denotes one in need or destitution.
- וְלֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן (velo titen) – Root: נתן; Form: conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, second person masculine singular; Translation: “and you give not”; Notes: A prohibition against withholding aid.
- לֹ֑ו (lo) – Root: ל; Form: preposition with third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Refers to the recipient of aid.
- וְקָרָ֤א (veqara) – Root: קרא; Form: conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “and he cries”; Notes: Refers to calling upon YHWH for justice.
- עָלֶ֨יךָ֙ (‘alekha) – Root: על; Form: preposition with second person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “against you”; Notes: Indicates the object of the complaint.
- אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה (el-YHWH) – Root: אל; Form: preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to YHWH”; Notes: Directs the plea to the divine authority.
- וְהָיָ֥ה (vehayah) – Root: היה; Form: conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “and it shall be”; Notes: Indicates the result of the action.
- בְךָ֖ (vekha) – Root: ב; Form: preposition with second person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon you”; Notes: Specifies the bearer of guilt.
- חֵֽטְא׃ (chet) – Root: חטא; Form: noun, masculine singular; Translation: “sin”; Notes: Refers to a moral failure or offense against YHWH.