לֹֽ֣א־תַעֲשֶׂ֥ה־לְךָ֥֣ פֶ֣֨סֶל֙ כָּל־תְּמוּנָ֔֡ה אֲשֶׁ֤֣ר בַּשָּׁמַ֣֨יִם֙ מִמַּ֔֡עַל וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר֩ בָּאָ֖֨רֶץ מִתָּ֑֜חַת וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּמַּ֖֣יִם מִתַּ֥֣חַת לָאָֽ֗רֶץ׃
You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in the heavens above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the waters under the earth.
Morphology
- לֹֽ֣א־תַעֲשֶׂ֥ה (lo-taʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Negative particle with Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall not make”; Notes: Prohibits creating or fashioning objects.
- לְךָ֥֣ (lekha) – Root: ל (le); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “for yourself”; Notes: Refers to personal ownership or intent.
- פֶ֣֨סֶל֙ (pesel) – Root: פסל (pasal); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a carved image”; Notes: Refers to idols or graven images.
- כָל־תְּמוּנָ֔֡ה (kol-temunah) – Root: תמן (temun); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “any likeness”; Notes: Refers to a representation or form.
- אֲשֶׁ֤֣ר (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces relative clauses.
- בַּשָּׁמַ֣֨יִם (ba-shamayim) – Root: שמים (shamayim); Form: Definite article with noun, masculine plural; Translation: “in the heavens”; Notes: Refers to the sky or celestial realm.
- מִמַּ֔֡עַל (mi-maʿal) – Root: מעל (maʿal); Form: Preposition with adverb; Translation: “above”; Notes: Refers to a higher location.
- וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר֩ (va-asher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Conjunction with relative pronoun; Translation: “or that”; Notes: Continues the clause.
- בָּאָ֖֨רֶץ (ba-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾeretz); Form: Definite article with noun, feminine singular; Translation: “on the earth”; Notes: Refers to the terrestrial realm.
- מִתָּ֑֜חַת (mi-taḥat) – Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Preposition; Translation: “beneath”; Notes: Indicates a lower location.
- וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר (va-asher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Conjunction with relative pronoun; Translation: “or that”; Notes: Adds another clause.
- בַּמַּ֖֣יִם (ba-mayim) – Root: מים (mayim); Form: Definite article with noun, masculine plural; Translation: “in the waters”; Notes: Refers to aquatic realms.
- מִתַּ֥֣חַת (mi-taḥat) – Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Preposition; Translation: “under”; Notes: Indicates a lower position.
- לָאָֽ֗רֶץ (la-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾeretz); Form: Preposition with noun, feminine singular; Translation: “under the earth”; Notes: Refers to subterranean locations.