וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ עָלָיו֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מִסִּ֔ים לְמַ֥עַן עַנֹּתֹ֖ו בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם וַיִּ֜בֶן עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנֹות֙ לְפַרְעֹ֔ה אֶת־פִּתֹ֖ם וְאֶת־רַעַמְסֵֽס׃
And they set over him taskmasters to afflict him with their burdens, and he built storage cities for Parʿo: Pitom and Raʿamses.
Morphology
- וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ (vayasimu) – Root: שׂים (s-y-m); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3mp with vav consecutive; Translation: “And they set”; Notes: Indicates placement or appointment.
- עָלָיו֙ (ʿalav) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition + 3ms suffix; Translation: “Over him”; Notes: Refers to Bnei Yisrael.
- שָׂרֵ֣י (sarei) – Root: שרר (s-r-r); Form: Noun, construct, mp; Translation: “Taskmasters of”; Notes: Denotes officials or overseers.
- מִסִּ֔ים (missim) – Root: מס (m-s); Form: Noun, mp; Translation: “Burden” or “tribute”; Notes: Implies forced labor or taxation.
- לְמַ֥עַן (lemaʿan) – Root: מען (m-ʿ-n); Form: Preposition; Translation: “In order to”; Notes: Indicates purpose or intent.
- עַנֹּתֹ֖ו (ʿannoto) – Root: ענה (ʿ-n-h); Form: Verb, Piel, Infinitive Construct with 3ms suffix; Translation: “To afflict him”; Notes: Reflects oppression or subjugation.
- בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם (besivlotam) – Root: סבל (s-b-l); Form: Noun, fp with preposition and 3mp suffix; Translation: “With their burdens”; Notes: Refers to forced labor.
- וַיִּ֜בֶן (vayyiven) – Root: בנה (b-n-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And he built”; Notes: Refers to construction efforts.
- עָרֵ֤י (ʿarei) – Root: עיר (ʿ-y-r); Form: Noun, construct, fp; Translation: “Cities of”; Notes: Indicates urban centers.
- מִסְכְּנֹות֙ (miskenot) – Root: סכן (s-k-n); Form: Noun, fp; Translation: “Storage”; Notes: Refers to supply or treasure cities.
- לְפַרְעֹ֔ה (le-Pharaoh) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “For Pharaoh”; Notes: Indicates ownership or benefit.
- אֶת־פִּתֹ֖ם (ʾet-Pitom) – Root: N/A; Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Pitom”; Notes: Name of a city.
- וְאֶת־רַעַמְסֵֽס (ve-ʾet-Raʿamses) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “And Raʿamses”; Notes: Name of another city.