Exodus 1:8

וַיָּ֥קָם מֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָ֖שׁ עַל־מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע אֶת־יֹוסֵֽף׃

A new king arose over Miṣrayim, who did not know Yosef.

Morphology

1. וַיָּ֥קָם (Va-yaqom) – Root: קום (q-w-m); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And he arose”; Notes: Indicates the rise to power of the king.
2. מֶֽלֶךְ־ (Melekh) – Root: מלך (m-l-k); Form: Noun, ms construct; Translation: “A king of”; Notes: Describes the new ruler.
3. חָדָ֖שׁ (ḥadash) – Root: חדש (ḥ-d-š); Form: Adjective, ms; Translation: “New”; Notes: Specifies that the king is a new ruler.
4. עַל־מִצְרָ֑יִם (ʿal-Miṣrayim) – Root: מצר (m-ṣ-r); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “Over Miṣrayim (Egypt)”; Notes: Refers to the land of Egypt.
5. אֲשֶׁ֥ר (Asher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Introduces the subordinate clause.
6. לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע (Lo-yadaʿ) – Root: ידע (y-d-ʿ); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3ms with negative particle; Translation: “Did not know”; Notes: Indicates ignorance of Yosef’s legacy.
7. אֶת־יֹוסֵֽף (ʾet-Yosef) – Root: N/A; Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Yosef”; Notes: Refers to the patriarch Yosef, who was instrumental in Egypt’s prosperity.