וַיִּרְדְּפ֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם וַיַּשִּׂ֤יגוּ אֹותָם֙ חֹנִ֣ים עַל־הַיָּ֔ם כָּל־סוּס֙ רֶ֣כֶב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וּפָרָשָׁ֖יו וְחֵילֹ֑ו עַל־פִּי֙ הַֽחִירֹ֔ת לִפְנֵ֖י בַּ֥עַל צְפֹֽן׃
And Mitsrayim pursued after them and overtook them camping by the sea—all the horses, chariots of Parʿo, and his horsemen and his army—by Pi-Haḥirot before Baʿal-Tzefon.
Morphology
- וַיִּרְדְּפ֨וּ (vayirdfu) – Root: רדף (r-d-p); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3mp; Translation: “And they pursued”; Notes: Refers to the Egyptians chasing after the Israelites.
- מִצְרַ֜יִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt as the subject.
- אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם (aḥareihem) – Root: אחר (ʾ-ḥ-r); Form: Preposition + 3mp suffix; Translation: “After them”; Notes: Indicates pursuit of the Israelites.
- וַיַּשִּׂ֤יגוּ (vayyassigu) – Root: נשׂג (n-s-g); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Hifil, Imperfect, 3mp; Translation: “And they overtook”; Notes: Indicates the Egyptians caught up with the Israelites.
- אֹותָם֙ (otam) – Root: N/A; Form: Accusative marker + 3mp suffix; Translation: “Them”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites.
- חֹנִ֣ים (ḥonim) – Root: חנה (ḥ-n-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Participle, masculine plural; Translation: “Camping”; Notes: Describes the Israelites’ encampment.
- עַל־הַיָּ֔ם (ʿal-hayam) – Root: ים (y-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “By the sea”; Notes: Indicates their location.
- כָּל־סוּס֙ (kol-sus) – Root: סוס (s-w-s); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “All the horses of”; Notes: Refers to the Egyptian cavalry.
- רֶ֣כֶב פַּרְעֹ֔ה (rekhev Parʿo) – Root: רכב (r-k-v); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct + Proper noun; Translation: “The chariots of Parʿo”; Notes: Indicates the war chariots under Parʿo’s command.
- וּפָרָשָׁ֖יו (ufarashav) – Root: פרשׁ (p-r-sh); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine plural absolute + 3ms suffix; Translation: “And his horsemen”; Notes: Refers to the riders accompanying the chariots.
- וְחֵילֹ֑ו (veḥeilo) – Root: חיל (ḥ-y-l); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular construct + 3ms suffix; Translation: “And his army”; Notes: Refers to the entirety of Parʿo’s forces.
- עַל־פִּי֙ הַֽחִירֹ֔ת (ʿal-Pi Haḥirot) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition + Proper noun; Translation: “By Pi-Haḥirot”; Notes: Specific location of the encampment.
- לִפְנֵ֖י בַּ֥עַל צְפֹֽן (lifnei Baʿal Tzefon) – Root: פני (p-n-y) + Proper noun; Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “Before Baʿal-Tzefon”; Notes: Indicates the geographical point of reference.