וַיְחַזֵּ֣ק יְהֹוָ֗ה אֶת־לֵ֤ב פַּרְעֹה֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּרְדֹּ֕ף אַחֲרֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יֹצְאִ֖ים בְּיָ֥ד רָמָֽה׃
And YHWH hardened the heart of Parʿo, king of Mitsrayim, and he pursued the children of Yisra’el, while the children of Yisra’el went out with a high hand.
Morphology
- וַיְחַזֵּ֣ק (vayḥazzeq) – Root: חזק (ḥ-z-q); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he hardened”; Notes: Indicates that YHWH strengthened or made firm Parʿo’s resolve.
- יְהֹוָ֗ה (YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the covenant name of God.
- אֶת־לֵ֤ב (et-lev) – Root: לב (l-v); Form: Accusative marker + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “The heart of”; Notes: Refers to Parʿo’s inner will or intention.
- פַּרְעֹה֙ (Parʿo) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Parʿo”; Notes: Refers to Pharaoh, the king of Mitsrayim.
- מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם (melekh Mitsrayim) – Root: מלך (m-l-k); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct + Proper noun; Translation: “King of Mitsrayim”; Notes: Describes Parʿo’s title and position.
- וַיִּרְדֹּ֕ף (vayirdof) – Root: רדף (r-d-p); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he pursued”; Notes: Refers to Parʿo chasing after the Israelites.
- אַחֲרֵ֖י (aḥarei) – Root: אחר (ʾ-ḥ-r); Form: Preposition; Translation: “After”; Notes: Indicates direction or focus of pursuit.
- בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (bene Yisraʾel) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct + Proper noun; Translation: “The children of Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the Israelite people.
- וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (uvenei Yisraʾel) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine plural construct + Proper noun; Translation: “And the children of Yisra’el”; Notes: Reiterates the subject.
- יֹצְאִ֖ים (yotzʾim) – Root: יצא (y-tz-ʾ); Form: Verb, Qal, Participle, masculine plural; Translation: “Went out”; Notes: Indicates the act of departure.
- בְּיָ֥ד רָמָֽה (beyad ramah) – Root: יד (y-d) and רום (r-w-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular construct + Adjective, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “With a high hand”; Notes: Refers to confidence or triumph in their departure.