Exodus 15:25

וַיִּצְעַ֣ק אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה וַיֹּורֵ֤הוּ יְהוָה֙ עֵ֔ץ וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֙ אֶל־הַמַּ֔יִם וַֽיִּמְתְּק֖וּ הַמָּ֑יִם שָׁ֣ם שָׂ֥ם לֹ֛ו חֹ֥ק וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וְשָׁ֥ם נִסָּֽהוּ׃

And he cried out to YHWH, and YHWH showed him a tree, and he threw it into the water, and the water became sweet. There He made for them a statute and a judgment, and there He tested them.

Morphology

1. וַיִּצְעַ֣ק (vayyitsʿaq) – Root: צעק (ts-ʿ-q); Form: Verb, Qal, imperfect, third person masculine singular with vav consecutive; Translation: “And he cried out”; Notes: Refers to Moshe calling out to YHWH for help.
2. אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה (el-YHWH) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “To YHWH”; Notes: Indicates the direction of Moshe’s plea.
3. וַיֹּורֵ֤הוּ (vayyorehu) – Root: ירה (y-r-h); Form: Verb, Hifil, imperfect, third person masculine singular with vav consecutive + third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “And He showed him”; Notes: YHWH reveals a solution to Moshe.
4. יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: Divine Name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
5. עֵ֔ץ (ʿets) – Root: עץ (ʿ-ts); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “A tree”; Notes: The object shown to Moshe for sweetening the water.
6. וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֙ (vayyashlek) – Root: שלך (sh-l-k); Form: Verb, Hifil, imperfect, third person masculine singular with vav consecutive; Translation: “And he threw”; Notes: Moshe’s action with the tree.
7. אֶל־הַמַּ֔יִם (el-hammayim) – Root: מים (m-y-m); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “Into the water”; Notes: Refers to the bitter waters of Marah.
8. וַֽיִּמְתְּק֖וּ (vayyimtekhu) – Root: מתק (m-t-k); Form: Verb, Qal, imperfect, third person masculine plural with vav consecutive; Translation: “And they became sweet”; Notes: Describes the transformation of the water.
9. הַמָּ֑יִם (hammayim) – Root: מים (m-y-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “The water”; Notes: The previously bitter waters.
10. שָׁ֣ם (sham) – Root: שם (sh-m); Form: Adverb; Translation: “There”; Notes: Refers to the location at Marah.
11. שָׂ֥ם (sam) – Root: שים (s-y-m); Form: Verb, Qal, perfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “He made”; Notes: Indicates the institution of statutes and judgments.
12. לֹ֛ו (lo) – Root: ל (l) + הוא (h-w); Form: Preposition + pronoun, third person masculine singular; Translation: “For them”; Notes: Refers to Yisra’el.
13. חֹ֥ק (ḥoq) – Root: חקק (ḥ-q-q); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “A statute”; Notes: A binding regulation established by YHWH.
14. וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט (umishpat) – Root: שפט (sh-p-t); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “And a judgment”; Notes: Indicates YHWH’s legal decrees.
15. וְשָׁ֥ם (vesham) – Root: שם (sh-m); Form: Conjunction + adverb; Translation: “And there”; Notes: Continuation of actions at Marah.
16. נִסָּֽהוּ (nissahu) – Root: נסה (n-s-h); Form: Verb, Piel, perfect, third person masculine singular with third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “He tested them”; Notes: Refers to YHWH testing Yisra’el’s faith and obedience.