שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֶת־תְּלוּנֹּת֮ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ דַּבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵהֶ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר בֵּ֤ין הָֽעַרְבַּ֨יִם֙ תֹּאכְל֣וּ בָשָׂ֔ר וּבַבֹּ֖קֶר תִּשְׂבְּעוּ־לָ֑חֶם וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃
“I have heard the complaints of the children of Yisra’el. Speak to them, saying, ‘In the evening you shall eat meat, and in the morning you shall be satisfied with bread. And you shall know that I am YHWH your God.’”
Morphology
- שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי (shamati) – Root: שׁמע (sh-m-ʿ); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 1cs; Translation: “I have heard”; Notes: Indicates YHWH’s awareness of the complaints.
- אֶת־תְּלוּנֹּת֮ (et-telunot) – Root: תלן (t-l-n); Form: Direct object marker + Noun, feminine plural construct; Translation: “The complaints of”; Notes: Refers to the grievances expressed by the people.
- בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ (bene Yisra’el) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct + Proper noun; Translation: “The children of Yisra’el”; Notes: Identifies the complainers.
- דַּבֵּ֨ר (dabber) – Root: דבר (d-b-r); Form: Verb, Piel, Imperative, 2ms; Translation: “Speak”; Notes: Command to communicate YHWH’s message.
- אֲלֵהֶ֜ם (alehem) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition + Pronoun, 3mp suffix; Translation: “To them”; Notes: Specifies the recipients of the message.
- לֵאמֹ֗ר (leʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “Saying”; Notes: Introduces the content of the command.
- בֵּ֤ין הָֽעַרְבַּ֨יִם֙ (bein haʿarbayim) – Root: ערב (ʿ-r-b); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine dual with definite article; Translation: “In the evening”; Notes: Refers to the time period between the afternoons.
- תֹּאכְל֣וּ (tokhelu) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2mp; Translation: “You shall eat”; Notes: Indicates an action to be performed.
- בָשָׂ֔ר (basar) – Root: בשר (b-s-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Meat”; Notes: Refers to the food provided in the evening.
- וּבַבֹּ֖קֶר (uvabboker) – Root: בקר (b-q-r); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “And in the morning”; Notes: Specifies the time for the next provision.
- תִּשְׂבְּעוּ־לָ֑חֶם (tisbeʿu-lachem) – Root: שׂבע (s-b-ʿ); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2mp + Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “You shall be satisfied with bread”; Notes: Indicates sustenance provided in the morning.
- וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕ם (vidaʿtem) – Root: ידע (y-d-ʿ); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2mp with vav consecutive; Translation: “And you shall know”; Notes: Implication of understanding YHWH’s identity.
- כִּ֛י (ki) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “That”; Notes: Introduces the reason.
- אֲנִ֥י (ani) – Root: N/A; Form: Pronoun, 1cs; Translation: “I”; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
- יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Divine name.
- אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ (Eloheikhem) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct + 2mp suffix; Translation: “Your God”; Notes: Emphasizes YHWH’s relationship with Yisra’el.