מִ֤י גַם־בָּכֶם֙ וְיִסְגֹּ֣ר דְּלָתַ֔יִם וְלֹֽא־תָאִ֥ירוּ מִזְבְּחִ֖י חִנָּ֑ם אֵֽין־לִ֨י חֵ֜פֶץ בָּכֶ֗ם אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֔ות וּמִנְחָ֖ה לֹֽא־אֶרְצֶ֥ה מִיֶּדְכֶֽם׃
“Who also among you would shut doors, and you would not kindle my altar in vain? There is for me no delight in you,” says YHWH of Hosts, “and an offering I will not accept from your hand.
Morphology
- מִי (mi) – Root: —; Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Opens a rhetorical question.
- גַם (gam) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “also” or “even”; Notes: Adds emphasis to the question.
- בָּכֶם (ba-khem) – Root: —; Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “among you”; Notes: Indicates location within the addressed group.
- וְיִסְגֹּר (ve-yisgor) – Root: סגר (sagar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and would shut”; Notes: Volitive nuance in rhetorical context.
- דְּלָתַיִם (delatayim) – Root: דלת (delet); Form: Noun feminine dual absolute; Translation: “doors”; Notes: Dual form referring to temple doors.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle לֹא; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- תָאִירוּ (taʾiru) – Root: אור (ʾor); Form: Hifil imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you kindle” or “you cause to burn”; Notes: Causative stem referring to lighting the altar fire.
- מִזְבְּחִי (mizbeḥi) – Root: זבח (zavaḥ); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “my altar”; Notes: Direct object of תָאִירוּ.
- חִנָּם (ḥinnam) – Root: חנם (ḥanam); Form: Adverb; Translation: “in vain” or “for nothing”; Notes: Indicates futility or purposeless action.
- אֵין (ʾein) – Root: —; Form: Negative existential particle; Translation: “there is no”; Notes: Introduces nominal clause.
- לִי (li) – Root: —; Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “for me”; Notes: Dative of possession or reference.
- חֵפֶץ (ḥefets) – Root: חפץ (ḥafets); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “delight”; Notes: Denotes pleasure or favorable disposition.
- בָּכֶם (ba-khem) – Root: —; Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “in you”; Notes: Object of delight.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Prophetic declaration formula.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- צְבָאֹות (Tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute in construct with יְהוָה; Translation: “Hosts”; Notes: Title expressing divine sovereignty over heavenly armies.
- וּמִנְחָה (u-minḥah) – Root: נחה (minḥah); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “and an offering”; Notes: Refers to a grain or tribute offering.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: —; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- אֶרְצֶה (ʾertseh) – Root: רצה (ratzah); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I will accept”; Notes: Expresses divine refusal to receive the offering.
- מִיֶּדְכֶם (mi-yedkhem) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition מִן + noun feminine singular construct + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “from your hand”; Notes: Indicates source or agency of the offering.