Exodus 19:16

וַיְהִי֩ בַיֹּ֨ום הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י בִּֽהְיֹ֣ת הַבֹּ֗קֶר וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים וְעָנָ֤ן כָּבֵד֙ עַל־הָהָ֔ר וְקֹ֥ל שֹׁפָ֖ר חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃

And it came to pass on the third day, when it was morning, that there were thunders and lightning flashes and a thick cloud upon the mountain, and the sound of a very loud shofar; and all the people who were in the camp trembled.

Morphology

1. וַיְהִי֩ (vayehi) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Marks the beginning of a significant event.
2. בַיֹּ֨ום (bayyom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “On the day”; Notes: Refers to a specific day.
3. הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י (hashlishi) – Root: שלש (sh-l-sh); Form: Adjective, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “The third”; Notes: Specifies the third day.
4. בִּֽהְיֹ֣ת (biheyot) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “When it was”; Notes: Introduces the timing of the event.
5. הַבֹּ֗קֶר (haboker) – Root: בקר (b-q-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “Morning”; Notes: Indicates the time of day.
6. וַיְהִי֩ (vayehi) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And there was”; Notes: Marks another occurrence.
7. קֹלֹ֨ת (qolot) – Root: קול (q-w-l); Form: Noun, masculine plural absolute; Translation: “Thunders”; Notes: Describes the auditory phenomenon.
8. וּבְרָקִ֜ים (uvaraqim) – Root: ברק (b-r-q); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine plural absolute; Translation: “And lightning flashes”; Notes: Describes the visual phenomenon.
9. וְעָנָ֤ן (veʿanan) – Root: ענן (ʿ-n-n); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “And a cloud”; Notes: Introduces the presence of a cloud.
10. כָּבֵד֙ (kaved) – Root: כבד (k-v-d); Form: Adjective, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Thick”; Notes: Modifies the cloud, indicating density.
11. עַל־הָהָ֔ר (ʿal-hahar) – Root: הר (h-r); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “Upon the mountain”; Notes: Indicates the location of the cloud.
12. וְקֹ֥ל (veqol) – Root: קול (q-w-l); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “And the sound”; Notes: Introduces the sound of the shofar.
13. שֹׁפָ֖ר (shofar) – Root: שׁפר (sh-p-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Shofar”; Notes: Refers to the ram’s horn.
14. חָזָ֣ק (ḥazaq) – Root: חזק (ḥ-z-q); Form: Adjective, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Very loud”; Notes: Describes the intensity of the sound.
15. מְאֹ֑ד (meʾod) – Root: N/A; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Exceedingly”; Notes: Emphasizes the loudness.
16. וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד (vayyeḥerad) – Root: חרד (ḥ-r-d); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And trembled”; Notes: Describes the reaction of the people.
17. כָּל־הָעָ֖ם (kol-haʿam) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct + Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “All the people”; Notes: Specifies the subjects trembling.
18. אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Connects the people to their location.
19. בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ (bammachaneh) – Root: מחנה (m-ḥ-n-h); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “In the camp”; Notes: Indicates where the people were located.