Exodus 21:23

וְאִם־אָסֹ֖ון יִהְיֶ֑ה וְנָתַתָּ֥ה נֶ֖פֶשׁ תַּ֥חַת נָֽפֶשׁ׃

But if there is harm, then you shall give life for life.

Morphology

1. וְאִם־אָסֹ֖ון (veʾim-ason) – Root: אסן (ʾ-s-n); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “But if harm”; Notes: Refers to fatal or serious injury occurring.
2. יִהְיֶ֑ה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “There is”; Notes: Describes the occurrence of harm.
3. וְנָתַתָּ֥ה (venatata) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2ms; Translation: “Then you shall give”; Notes: Commands retributive justice.
4. נֶ֖פֶשׁ (nefesh) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “Life”; Notes: Refers to the life of the responsible party.
5. תַּ֥חַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (t-ḥ-t); Form: Preposition; Translation: “For”; Notes: Indicates substitution or equivalence.
6. נָֽפֶשׁ (nefesh) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “Life”; Notes: Refers to the life lost as a result of the harm.